One of the most important industrial issues is the illumination of each workplace in the enterprise. Thanks to this, comfortable working conditions are created, and thereby labor productivity is increased. Insufficient illumination will adversely affect a person’s vision, and will also reduce the quality of the finished material. In such conditions, a person faintly notices objects and cannot navigate in the environment. And since the implementation of more complex tasks requires concentration, the visual apparatus is subjected to high loads. Incorrect production lighting can even lead to traumatic situations.
General information
Not always natural light is enough to perform various tasks.
A serious deficit is observed at industrial enterprises, where the work process can take place around the clock. Therefore, in order not to cease operations, it is necessary to provide lighting for production facilities. For these purposes, artificial systems are constructed.
Artificial light requirements
This type of work light must meet the following requirements:
- Having enough light. Rays should not blind a worker and have an adverse effect on the environment.
- Lighting must be safe and easy to operate.
- The installed element should illuminate a specific work surface.
- Devices are selected in accordance with the design of the room and the spectral composition.
Types of lighting
It is divided into the following types:
- Natural. It is created using sunlight and a scattering effect.
- Artificial. With the help of lighting devices.
- Combined. With a small amount of natural light, lighting devices are installed in the room.
Natural
By design features, there are such types of lighting:
- Lateral. Lighting of rooms occurs due to openings located in the walls of a building or structure. They can also be mounted special structures that can transmit sunlight. If the width of the room is less than 12 meters, then provide one-sided side lighting. With a width above the specified mark - two-way.
- Top. This view is carried out through holes in the upper ceiling, as well as using local ventilation systems.
- Combined. It is used with a room width of more than 24 meters. This solution is the most rational, since light enters every square meter.
Daylight Requirements
He is chosen in accordance with such factors:
- Based on the developed architectural design, as well as due to the features of the building.
- Requirements for the natural look are presented in accordance with working conditions.
- Depends on the location of the building, as well as on climatic conditions.
- Natural lighting is much more economical than artificial.
Types of artificial lighting
By design features, this type is divided into general and combined.
The first performs lighting of industrial premises where similar work is carried out. For example, manufacturing of parts and welding. It is also used for control and storage facilities. There are such types of lighting: general uniform, where the rays lie evenly throughout the working area, and general localized - located exclusively near the working surfaces.
Workshops
For workshops where special attention is required to small details, for example, when assembling automobile spare parts, local is used. It is also placed on those work surfaces that are located in an upright position.
The combination of general and local species is called combined. It is impossible to install in such rooms only local electric lighting, since in the process there will be shadows that negatively affect the visual apparatus.
This could result in serious personal injury.
By functional purpose, there are such types of lighting:
- Working. It serves to perform various production processes, such as the movement of workers and vehicles.
- Emergency Under this term, various types of lighting are understood: security, evacuation, signal, etc.
Emergency set in the case when there is a possibility of disconnection of the main worker.
This may occur as a result of equipment malfunction, fire, explosion, or other serious circumstances. Emergency should be at least 5% of the worker.
Evacuation lighting serves to evacuate the working and administrative personnel from the premises in case of accidents. Light elements are installed on the stairwell, in the corridors, doorways. Such devices serve for the safe withdrawal of people.
In this case, electric lighting must meet the requirements of:
- evacuation lighting in open areas - 0.2 lux;
- in closed areas - 0.5 lux.
The next view is security lighting. It is installed along the borders of the enterprise, as well as in the territory protected by special firms. At night, the indicator of illumination should be equal to 0.5 lux.
The signal is used to alert operating personnel of imminent danger and indicates a safe escape route.
There are also such types of industrial lighting:
- Bactericidal. It is used to disinfect various surfaces, water and air.
- Erythema. It is applied in production shops which are far from the sun. For example, structures that are deep underground.
Primary requirements
Industrial lighting serves to give light to workplaces, as well as control rooms, etc. Particular attention is paid to the work area. It must meet certain requirements. Depending on the purpose of the industrial enterprise, various types of artificial lighting are used.
When assembling various parts, it is necessary to ensure sufficient visibility of structural elements.
Illumination of the working surface affects productivity. For example, at a plant for the assembly of automotive parts, the illumination was first increased by 50 lux, which increased the level of production. With an increase of 100 lux, productivity increased by almost 30%. However, do not abuse it. The measure should be calculated correctly.
First of all, you should think about the brightness of the light incident on the work surface. It should lie evenly on the surface and on other objects. This is done so that the visual apparatus does not get tired. After all, when you look at a dimly lit surface, your vision gets tired. The consequence of this is reduced productivity indicators. As a rule, combined lighting is used for this. If the equipment is painted white, the light will spread more evenly.
In addition, shadows should be avoided on the work surface. They can distort the true dimensions of structural parts. Such work quickly tires. You should also pay attention to the movement of shadows. They can lead to health problems. Therefore, they must be disposed of. This is done with the help of lighting devices, and with natural light - reflective elements.
For the worker to see various objects on the surface, you need to get rid of the brilliance.
This is a feature of an object that reflects rays when light hits it. Such glare can cause irritability as well as impair visibility. To get rid of them, you should reduce the brightness of the lighting device or put it at a different angle. In warehouses, this problem is often not taken into account using brilliant structural profiles.
Sometimes voltage outages occur, resulting in flickering. It not only annoys the employee, but also harms the visual apparatus. This can be avoided with the help of special electrical circuits that stabilize voltage drops.
Conclusion
If the lighting requirements are met, then optimal working conditions are created, productivity increases, the likelihood of injuries and accidents decreases. In addition, the pressure on the visual apparatus is reduced. In the opposite situation, various occupational diseases (for example, myopia) can occur. If the employee clearly sees the details, then the work will be performed much faster.
To ensure the operation of the entire production workshop, it is necessary to install additional sources of artificial lighting, starting from the working surface and ending with emergency lighting. Only in this case, the maximum safety of work in production is achieved, accordingly, its effectiveness will increase.
So, we found out what types of lighting exist.