What makes our speech rich and colorful? The use of various artistic and grammatical techniques. In this article we will consider the following definitions: antonyms, synonyms, homonyms. What do they mean and what are they used for in speech?
Vocabulary and lexicology
Vocabulary is the entire vocabulary of a single language. If we usually speak and write in Russian, then we use the vocabulary of the Russian language.
The science that studies the vocabulary of a language is lexicology. The basic unit of study of this branch of knowledge is the word and its meanings. Therefore, this science does not disregard the definitions: synonym, antonym and homonym.
Definition of synonym
Angry, cruel, unkind, inhuman - synonyms. And what is it? The definition of "synonym" is very simple. These are words that have the same or almost the same meaning.
The fact that synonyms mean small differences helps to give something the most accurate definitions. Using synonyms, you can colorfully, avoiding repetition, describe any event. Synonyms can be matched to almost any word that makes sense, regardless of the part of speech.
Nouns:
- house - dwelling - hut - apartment - cottage - building - shelter - shelter - roof overhead - housing;
- bribe - bribe - bribery - magarych;
- eyes - eyes - countersinks - peepers - thorn - balls;
- friend - friend - friend - kent.
Adjective:
- old - ancient - elderly - middle-aged;
- stupid - stupid - stupid - inconsiderate;
- sad - sad - depressed - dull - gloomy;
- surprised - amazed - dumbfounded.
Verb:
- to run - to rush;
- listen - listen;
- ask - be interested - ask - ask a question;
- to disappear - to disappear - to hide - to get lost.
Adverbs:
- good - excellent - great - excellent;
- quickly - arguably - soon - headlong;
- bad - bad - no matter;
- loud - noisy.
Antonym
In addition to the definition of "synonym", in the vocabulary of the Russian language there are antonyms - words with opposite meanings. By the way, antonyms belong to one part of speech.
Do you think the words tasty and alone are the antonyms? No, they are not, because the "antonym" implies the opposition of words on only one basis.
Nouns:
- health is a disease;
- female Male;
- love is hate;
- heat — cold;
- heat - cool;
- mind is nonsense;
- loss is a godsend.
Adjectives:
- excited - calm;
- nervous - balanced;
- virtual - real;
- wide narrow;
- rare - frequent;
- strong - weak;
- cunning - naive.
Verbs:
- continue - stop;
- start - finish;
- lead - obey;
- sell - buy;
- ask - answer;
- dig - dig;
- to earn - to spend.
Adverbs:
- good bad;
- on purpose - by accident;
- right wrong;
- fine - awful;
- full-time - in absentia;
- sweet - bitter;
- fast slow.
Homonym
Homonyms are twins.
However, do not confuse the meaning of this concept with the definition of a synonym. They are only written and pronounced the same way, but mean completely different things.
A modern person who hears or reads the noun "key" is likely to imagine a key to a door lock; and, for example, an old man living in a hermit somewhere in a forest hut will think that he is referring to a spring spurting from the ground.
Compare offers:
- They noticed a club of smoke rising above the forest. Girls, go to the club after the lectures?
- Kolya was given a dachshund for his birthday. I wonder what taxi drivers are now?
- Sorry, I can’t come, I’m flying to Turkey in the evening. I work as a veterinarian, treat animals.
- The illusionist showed a simple trick. The photographer could not focus.
So, we have analyzed several basic lexicological concepts: synonym, antonym, homonym. All of them play a significant role in the language: their use in oral and written speech makes it more beautiful, richer and brighter, and we are more eloquent.