Every moment a person perceives information from the environment through a special system called the “analyzer”. It includes several components whose activities are closely interlinked.
What is an analyzer?
From the point of view of biology, all human sensory systems are called analyzers. These are physiological devices that are able to perceive various types of energy, which subsequently turn into nerve impulses. As a rule, each analyzer perceives only a certain type of information. In humans, they are represented by five sensory systems: visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile and taste. There is an opinion that there is a “sixth sense” - intuition. However, until now, scientists have not established its mechanism of action and organization features. The term "analyzer" includes the following components: peripheral, conductor and central department. Consider the features of each of them.
Irritants
Each sensory system is capable of perceiving and analyzing only certain information. Although, of course, there are mixed feelings. The term "analyzer" includes the following components, which are represented by various stimuli. Their main property is a high level of specificity. This means that their effect applies only to a certain type of analyzer.
Receptors
So, the concept of "analyzer" includes the following components: receptor and information transfer system. The initial section of any sensory system consists of sensitive cells. They are able to perceive various types of energy. Subsequently, they are converted into nerve impulses. It is in this form that information is transmitted to subsequent departments and processed. Depending on the type of energy, several types of receptors are distinguished. They are able to perceive light radiation, air vibrations, touch, the action of chemicals.
Conductor department
The conductor part of the sensory systems consists of nerve fibers that transmit an electrical impulse. This is the second section that the term “analyzer” includes. The following components are directly involved in processing the information received.
Central department
The term "analyzer" includes the following components of the central part: subcortical centers and departments of the finite brain. It is here that the synthesis and analysis of excitation occurs. As a result, the corresponding reactions of the body are formed, information about which is transmitted through the nerve fibers back to the working body.
Property Analyzers
Despite the diversity of sensory systems, they have common features. One of them is adaptation, which consists in their ability to adapt to different intensities of the stimulus. If it acts stronger, the sensitivity of the receptors increases, and vice versa. For example, the visual sensory system is able to perceive equally well the image of objects located at different distances. This ability is called accommodation. Also, the eye is able to adapt to darkness or bright light.
So, the concept of "analyzer" includes the following components: peripheral, conductor and central departments. In this sequence, they perceive various types of information from the environment, transform it into nerve impulses and transmit it to the corresponding parts of the brain. Here, information is analyzed, a response is formed, due to which the body quickly orientates itself in a constantly changing external environment.