Until September 2011, many elementary schools worked according to the Basic Curriculum developed in 2004. However, the massive transition to the federal state general educational standard of general primary education (“GEF - primary school”) put schools in front of the need to draw up new curricula. The development of a new curriculum for elementary school is based on the following documents:
- SanPiN dated 12.29.10, No. 189;
- GEF - elementary school dated 06.10.2010 No. 373;
- Order of November 26, 2010 No. 1241 of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.
“GEF - elementary school” sets out some general requirements for a new curriculum for primary school students, in which the educational part of the program should be at least 80%, the remaining 20% can be formed by participants in the educational process. Thus, from 21 hours of the compulsory curriculum for elementary grades, 4 hours should be formed by the participants in the educational process themselves.
In the new text “GEF - elementary school” there is no additional guidance regarding the formation of the number of hours of extracurricular activities, as well as the possibility of financing it. However, in paragraph 17 of this document it is said that if it is impossible to implement extracurricular activities, you can use the capabilities of other educational institutions (for example, sports complexes and cultural institutions). The same part of the Federal State Educational Standard - Primary School provides for various training courses, extracurricular activities and other extracurricular activities of students.
The new edition of the “Federal State Educational Standard - Primary School” of the teaching materials department also sets the content for the free part of the curriculum, which provides for
- In-depth study of some required subjects;
- additional classes on the interests of students, including ethnic cultures, modern music and other directions.
Thus, GEF - elementary school states that extracurricular activities are compulsory for elementary schools. She must find confirmation in the compulsory school curriculum, but is not included in the main curriculum, and, therefore, its quantity cannot be reflected in the hours of the study load. In addition, the new version of the document provides for the content of the official educational part, which is formed by the participants in the main general educational process, namely, additional time for studying subjects “of interest” and in-depth study of some additional subjects.
The general tasks of educating schoolchildren and their spiritual and moral development in the new basic plan are classified in several directions, while revealing the spiritual and moral essence of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Firstly, this is the education of patriotism, citizenship, respect for the rights and duties of a free person, secondly, this is the education of moral culture and ethical consciousness, thirdly, this is the education of a creative attitude to work, life and study, the desire for frugality and fourthly, hard work is the development of a respectful attitude to the environment, to nature, and the development of environmental awareness. And finally - this is the desire for beauty, aesthetic education, the formation of ideas about aesthetic values.
Undoubtedly, the program “GEF - elementary school of the 21st century” is the most acceptable form of education for the younger generation, in the conditions of scientific and technological progress and modern succession of generations. It is necessary to take care of the future today and this basic plan has been provided specifically to help primary school teachers and parents of future citizens of the Russian Federation. It is this approach that allows us to grow a new generation harmonious and educated.