Many scientists have noted the fact that with an increase in the interest of students in the lesson, the effectiveness of the classes held with them will certainly increase.
And this, in turn, requires the teacher to create the necessary conditions to enhance the cognitive activity of children.
Ways to increase interest in learning
In order to intensify the cognitive activity of schoolchildren, the teacher should:
- apply a variety of methods and forms of organization of the educational process;
- create the necessary atmosphere of interest so that each student as actively as possible participated in the work of the whole class;
- encourage children to make statements and use a variety of ways to fulfill the tasks assigned to them without any fear of making mistakes or getting the wrong answer;
- evaluate the student’s work not only by the results obtained, but also by the process of mastering new material;
- to use the topics of didactic material for children to master, which would allow the student to independently choose for themselves the most appropriate form and type of educational activity;
- create in the lesson certain pedagogical situations of communication that would allow students to show independence and initiative.
But in order for the lesson to be as effective as possible, the teacher must not only skillfully apply the available forms and methods of its conduct, but also constantly involve children in various types of educational activities.
The development of interest in knowledge
During any pedagogical process, various means and methods are used to activate the work of schoolchildren. At the present stage, this is especially true, because society needs educated citizens who are able to independently think and make decisions in any situation.
How to organize the
educational activities of schoolchildren so that they constantly show interest in studying the necessary material? To do this, the teacher must:
- involve children in the process of independent “discoveries” and the search for new knowledge;
- to diversify the educational work, as monotonous methods cause boredom;
- explain the importance and necessity of your subject;
- associate a new topic with previously acquired knowledge;
- strive to make learning difficult, but at the same time feasible;
- apply a differentiated approach, based on the personal qualities of the student and his level of training;
- more often check and evaluate the work of the student;
- affect students with the brightness of the supply of educational material, their own emotional reaction and interest.
Game activity
Different types of activities of students in the classroom can cause interest in the material being studied. One form of active learning is games. This is a type of activity when, in conditions of artificially created situations, the existing social experience of children is recreated. Especially often games are used by the teacher in the initial stages of studying the subject. They are considered the most effective teaching technique.
Game activities of students in the classroom create an atmosphere of natural communication. At the same time, unnecessary stress is relieved in children and interest in the educational process increases. It is the game that allows you to find hidden opportunities that will certainly lead the student to the successful development of the material. They will allow them to form the necessary skills.
Types of educational activities such as didactic games, individualize the work in the classroom. Moreover, they are feasible for each student and maximize their abilities. During the game, children learn to generalize and compare, classify and communicate, and, most importantly, draw independent conclusions. At first, children are only interested in the situation proposed by the teacher, and then the material associated with it. A child has a need to understand, study and remember a new topic.
Such types of educational activities of students in the lesson as didactic games, this is a valuable tool that educates the mental activity of children and activates their psychological processes. All this contributes to the manifestation of increased interest of students in the process of cognition. Schoolchildren with the desire to develop their skills and abilities, train strength and overcome serious difficulties. Thanks to the games, any material given by the teacher carries away, creates a joyful mood and causes a feeling of deep satisfaction. All this greatly facilitates the process of assimilation. They apply all the types of activities of students existing in pedagogy in the lesson of biology and chemistry, Russian and foreign languages, literature and mathematics, physics, etc.
Front-line training
There are such types of activities of students in the classroom, when the whole class simultaneously performs a common task assigned to all children. At the same time, students compare, discuss and summarize its results. This type of activity of schoolchildren is called frontal. Its main advantage is that the teacher works with the whole class at the same time. This leads to the establishment of a trusting relationship between the teacher and the children, as well as within the classroom. A sense of collectivism is brought up in children. They learn to reason, and also to find errors in the statements of their comrades. In this case, the formation of sustainable cognitive interests takes place and the activity of schoolchildren is activated.
However, the frontal activities of students in the classroom also have their drawbacks. Due to the different performance and preparedness, children do not maintain a uniform pace. One who has a low level of educational opportunities, assimilates the material worse and requires more attention from the teacher. For strong schoolchildren, more difficult tasks are important, only in this case, work in the lesson will lead them to increase the level of knowledge. In this regard, for greater efficiency of the educational process, it is necessary to use other types of educational activities of students in the lesson.
Group work
This form of organization of the educational process is included in the main activities of students. In this case, the teacher divides the class into groups designed to solve specific learning problems. Answers to these questions are given with the participation of each student. With proper organization, activity is shown by all members of the group. At the same time, weak students do not hide in the shadow of stronger ones, and they, in turn, do not suppress the independence and initiative of less capable students.
Group work, no doubt, can be attributed to the collective activity of students. Its success will largely depend on a clear distribution of responsibilities within this link, as well as on operational assistance and teacher support.
The rules for conducting group activities require a constant change in the composition of students, half of which should consist of those who are capable of independent work. At the same time, the individual assistance of schoolchildren to each other significantly increases. The results of such activities are very tangible. Students are accustomed to collective work with the simultaneous formation of positive moral qualities in them.
This activity of students in the classroom is almost perfect. However, it still cannot be opposed to other methods of organizing the educational process. The characteristic of the main types of students' activities allows us to conclude that they all solve their specific problems and perfectly complement each other.
Individual work
The most accessible and proven long-term practice of increasing the efficiency of the cognitive process of schoolchildren is the organization of their independent work. In the modern lesson, this activity occupies an exceptional place. The fact is that it is thanks to individual work that the student is able to master a large amount of knowledge.
An independent type of activity of schoolchildren includes the fulfillment by children of the didactic goal set by the teacher, which must be reached in a certain time. This stimulates the student to search for new knowledge, as well as their further consolidation and understanding. At the same time, the necessary skills and abilities are formed and developed in the child, and the training material is generalized and systematized.
Independent work is an effective way to increase the cognitive level of a student. Indeed, on the one hand, it is an educational task, that is, an object of activity of a student. On the other hand, individual activity is a form of manifestation of thinking, memory and creative imagination, which expands and deepens the volume of already acquired knowledge. However, it should be borne in mind that it is important to exercise control on the part of the teacher and his timely assistance in case of difficulties.
GEF
The most important task of the modern educational process in schools is the formation of children's ability and desire to master any new activities and knowledge, as well as in building the right direction of their own self-education. And here, the federal state educational standard helps a lot in the work of teachers . It is a set of specific rules and requirements that are used by primary, secondary and higher educational institutions.
The main activities of students in the lesson on GEF are concluded in the participation of children in various educational situations that are put before them by a teacher. In this case, the teacher is called upon to observe. His task is to guide and help, but to a minimum. Students should even draw conclusions themselves.
In the lessons conducted according to the standards of GEF, the teacher uses all types of activities of schoolchildren in total. And this is done using the most modern means of mastering new material (computer and Internet, audio and video manuals, etc.). And, of course, here it is not complete without books and cards, visual aids and illustrations.
Organization of the educational process in literature lessons
This learning process has its own characteristics. Here, students work with texts of various literary genres. In this regard, all the work of the teacher is built according to the following algorithm:
1. Conducting a preliminary conversation, which includes updating the existing reading experience.
2. The initial acquaintance with the text at which its general perception occurs.
3. A detailed study of the text with the analysis of the content.
4. Summarization of the read.
When passing through each of these stages, various types of student activities are used. In literature lessons it is important to responsibly approach the choice of one or another form of work of schoolchildren, which will depend on the specific work and the level of preparedness of the class.
So, at the first, pre-text stage, the teacher can include a video of the work or invite students to watch a video sequence on the topic under consideration. Student activities may also include:
- listening to a story prepared by a teacher or students;
- reading difficult to understand words;
- Performing exercises on articulation, etc.
At the initial acquaintance with the text, students can be offered a type of activity such as:
- reading a work out loud;
- independent reading;
- reading a work in a chain.
A detailed analysis of the work can be carried out:
- with selective reading of passages by students;
- when reading with a conversation and comments;
- like reading marked obscure words, etc.
In the process of summarizing the text in literature lessons, students are invited to:
- dramatization;
- reading competitive poems;
- reporting from the place where the events of the work in question take place, etc.
Conducting English lessons
The GEF provides for rules and requirements for students studying foreign languages. Independent work is also very important here. In addition, there are other activities of students in an English lesson. When explaining the new rules in grammar or when working with a dictionary and text, the teacher must clearly plan the lesson. In this case, it is important to have an extremely clearly formulated topic and goals, as well as the tasks pursued in the development of new material. The teacher organizes search and problem situations and activates the activities of students. In this case, all kinds of activities of children are used (group and frontal, individual and game).
Modern education involves students watching films and cartoons in English, which can be with or without subtitles. Listening to various audio materials (poems, songs, dialogs and texts) will also help to master the material.
Conducting Russian language lessons
New state educational standards call for strengthening the motivation of the younger generation to study native speech. At the same time, the main task of the teacher is to demonstrate that the knowledge gained at school is a necessary preparation for life and the search for useful information that will need to be applied in future situations.
GEF recommends the use of various types of activities of students in the Russian language lesson. First of all, students are offered independent work. Further actions of the teacher are provided for in various ways. This will allow you to timely direct the educational process in the right direction. In this case, students perform:
- various types of dictations (selective, vocabulary, etc.);
- work with text (this type of activity is very entertaining for students);
- testing to determine the current and final level of knowledge;
- work with tables and reference circuits, which are used as visual material.
Conducting math lessons
Today, in the comprehensive schools of our country, when studying the exact sciences, the frontal, group and individual form of the educational process can be used. These are the main activities of students in a math lesson. Most attention is paid to front work. However, it largely averages the tasks and is designed for a certain pace of work. Optimum employment of students is possible with an independent type of activity. This is the implementation of independent work, which to the maximum extent corresponds to the abilities and individual development of each. For those who do not believe in themselves, the teacher should offer instructor cards (this is especially true when solving problems in geometry).
Individual math assignments are important for mobilizing the abilities a student has. Develops cognitive activities in the field of exact sciences and the holding of school conferences, the preparation of seminars and reports.
Along with the frontal and individual activities of students, group (collective) form of work is used in the lessons. This allows you to increase the interest of students in the study of mathematics and in the future to make independent decisions when answering many vital questions.