Artistic construction (design) is a creative process, as well as a specific design method by which industrial products are created. This concept is studied by such a discipline as technical aesthetics.
Art design goes in parallel with engineering. At the same time, it allows solving economic, technical and constructive problems. A specialist in artistic design is called a design artist or designer.
Stages of formation
Artistic design of products originates in the middle of the 19th century. The preparatory stage for its formation was the period that began from the very inception of human society, when there was a handicraft industry of artisans. It was manual labor with primitive technologies. At the same time, production was carried out by the simplest instruments of labor and was of limited production. However, each item released by the master was useful for a person and took into account all his needs. Moreover, all the artisan's work was aesthetic and exclusive.
The advent of industrial production was characterized by the release of "inhuman and cold things." At this stage, a primitive design appeared, when a specialist created prototypes of products manufactured by workers using machines. At the same time, the engineering staff was engaged in the economics and functionality of the goods. Designers were responsible only for the aesthetic appearance of the product. However, this did not suit buyers. It turned out that designers, before creating prototypes of goods, needed to study the production technology and properties of the materials used. This was due to the fact that the ease of handling products was attached as much importance as their external forms. That is why engineers and designers, modelers and draftsmen, as well as market research specialists, began to come to the companies involved in the artistic design of industrial goods.
This was followed by the design phase, combining the innovations of the two previous ones. Specialists began to work in
industrial production, using a variety of technologies and materials. The designer has ceased to be a designer and props for his belongings. He learned to think big, imagining the future creation. At the same time, he thought ahead how his product will affect the environment and how it gets along in it.
The main task of the artistic designer was to preserve the purity of the idea, as well as to create things attractive to a person, functionally sound form. For this, the designer needed knowledge on the demographic situation, sociology of life, physiology, psychology, ergonomics, medicine, etc.
What is the subject of artistic design?
The definition of the main tasks, methods and field of activity of the designer was given by the international organization of these specialists ICSID, which was founded in 1957. According to the concepts approved by it, the designer must embody the creative principles that exist in technical aesthetics. However, he must adhere to the design methodology. The task of such a specialist is to determine the forms of services and items that satisfy the needs of a person and make his life fruitful.
The technique of artistic design is to develop an initial idea. When creating a future product, the designer collaborates with other specialists, determining the final form of the plan.
The scope of the artist’s designer includes almost all objects created by man. This is especially true of serial and mass production goods.
Based on the foregoing, the subject of artistic design is technical aesthetics. It is also used in the process of forming a harmoniously developed personality.
Patterns of artistic design
To date, there is a certain practical experience, as well as the conditions and principles used in design. With their use, artistic design allows you to create harmonious things. It is they who are in demand by modern man.
Artistic construction and design underlies modern design art. When creating his things, the author uses public practice, the emotional impact of nature and everyday observation. They tell him the ratio of proportions, shadow and color, as well as plastic forms. At the same time, the author makes a certain sense in the product, which makes it possible to aesthetize the consumer and raise his mood.
The means of artistic construction that the designer uses are proportions and volumes, lines and planes, rhythms and colors, as well as a variety of decoration methods. In their application, the subject is given one form or another that embodies the image conceived by the author.
The artist-designer in the process of his work should always think about the end user who will use the thing he created. In this case, the designer needs to call for help not only a wealth of imagination, but also knowledge of technology, as well as the basics of craftsmanship. And if earlier, in past centuries, as the basis for the artistic construction of things was the author’s desire for splendor and impressiveness, today, experts create convenient and simple objects.
Based on this, the pattern of modern design is the unity of forms and practical purpose of things. In this case, the properties and capabilities of the material used must be in accordance with the technology of the production process.
Design Types
Art design is classified into:
- spiritual art design;
- commercial design;
- Industrial Design.
Considering the types of artistic design, I want, first of all, to highlight art design from them. This is the most elegant line in the field of creating various things. Design decisions in this direction are based on the principles of high (pure) art. It would seem that unusual objects created by artists should not be of interest to all people. However, today even an ordinary consumer perceives with a bang a new direction. He likes things that express subtle intonations, the warmth of human hands and deep feelings.
The next type of art design is commercial design. This is a very serious and responsible matter. It is a design of public spaces and is aimed at making a profit. After all, the buyer, coming to the store, bar or restaurant, should be in a stylish and pleasant interior. Without a doubt, in a chic boutique, it is easier for a person to part with money than in a wretched store.
The third type of art design is industrial design. It is associated with household products manufactured in an industrial way. High-quality and interesting design of manufactured goods sets them apart in the consumer market and interests a potential buyer. Today, there are such varieties of industrial design as transport and automotive art design.
Production of beautiful things
Almost all the objects surrounding modern man are made using machines and machine tools. But, despite the fact that mass artisanal production has remained in the distant past, we all want the purchased items to be beautiful. That is why modern design and product design is inextricably linked with aesthetics. The development of design is promoted not only by the increased well-being of the population, but also by the appearance of the latest technologies, as well as increasing competition in the market. It became important for a person that the objects surrounding him were beautiful and aesthetic. And for this, engineering and artistic design in industrial production should go alongside.
Aesthetic criteria for evaluating things
How to create a really beautiful item? To do this, experts use the laws of artistic design, achieving a unity of form and content. They create any product so that proportionality of all its elements is observed. At the same time, the subject must certainly be beautiful and represent a single whole. And for this it is necessary to fulfill certain requirements.
First of all, the proportionality of the product must be observed. To do this, the existing form is divided into parts in the horizontal or vertical direction. Respect for proportionality is especially important in the construction of roof frames and ships, the manufacture of chairs and tables, and many other things.
One of the visual properties of products is symmetry. Man has been observing it for many centuries in nature. Using symmetry, people create beautiful and perfect things.
One of the requirements of artistic design is the creation of a dynamic form. It is associated with equal proportions of all parts of the product. Dynamic forms include the forms of airplanes and trains, gliders and cars.
Another design requirement is the static object, associated with its stillness. Unlike dynamic ones, such things are massive and have a clear center of gravity. These are various machine tools and presses.
In the composition of the product, contrast is very important. He contrasts and highlights the various properties of the subject. For example, the use of white and black colors, high and low elements, rough and smooth surfaces.
When creating things, the designer pays attention to the balance of their form. It represents a state when the elements of the right and left sides of the object are balanced among themselves. Equilibrium is achieved by distributing all parts of the product relative to its center.
To create a beautiful thing, an important factor is its color scheme. It serves not only as one of the means of composition, but also as a quality factor. Color helps to emphasize all the features of the shape of the object and create psychological comfort for a person.
The Importance of Art Design for Child Development
Classes for kids in kindergarten are very diverse. They allow you to maintain the child's interest in various activities and its comprehensive perception. Art design in kindergarten develops the abilities of kids, their invention, imagination and creativity. It is a work with various materials, in the process of which aesthetically significant and useful objects are created. Classes in artistic design with paper and cardboard, wood and other materials familiarize children with various types of fine art, showing interest in modeling and drawing, applications and other genres. As a result, the child develops cognitive needs. He gains the ability to peer into the image of sculpture and painting, defining the image methods used.
Art design in kindergarten, as a rule, meets the needs and interests of children. They use the made crafts in their games. At the same time, the teacher has a wide opportunity for moral, mental and aesthetic education of preschool children.
The fundamentals of artistic design, studied by children, along with the acquisition of technical skills, make it possible to strengthen the ability to analyze surrounding objects, form generalized ideas about the created object, and also develop artistic taste and independent thinking.
Paper work
Technical and artistic design using this material is studied by preschoolers in separate classes. In this case, the teaching methodology, as a rule, is based on imitation.
Using art design from paper, children create fabulous figures, crafts decorating the interior, etc. In this case, various techniques can be applied. This is twisting and crushing, tearing and cutting, as well as bending. The last two techniques are considered the most complex. However, it is precisely bending and cutting during those classes where paper art construction is studied that are the most common techniques in pedagogical practice. Children have successfully mastered them since the age of five. At three or four years old, educators offer the child to crumple, spin and tear paper. This is much easier for kids.
Another technique came to us from Japan - kirshes. It consists in folding a sheet of paper and cutting it in various directions. In this case, animal and human figures are created, flowers and snowflakes, etc. This technique is very artistic. Here, the child is required to strictly observe the order of actions and their repeated repetition.
The value of working with paper
Artistic construction of this material broadens the horizons of children. At the same time, preschoolers gain knowledge about the properties of paper and the possibilities of its use. In addition, the kids are taught the skills to plan their activities. Working with paper, children draw conclusions and perform the simplest analysis, choose the desired form and correctly compose the composition. Such work contributes to the development of accuracy, and also teaches a careful attitude to the material used. Children begin to model, while choosing the most unexpected options for using the items they created.
Art design at school
The aesthetic education of children is continued in the lower grades. It also teaches the basics of artistic design. Students are given technical tasks, the solution of which requires mental stress. At the same time, children learn to handle tools and process the material used.
In the lessons at school, students learn about the possibility of various combinations of expressive means used in artistic design.
This contributes to the formation of spatial thinking of the child, as well as proper color perception. The student receives not only design knowledge, but also forms the knowledge of composition. All this helps to perceive the beauty of the world.
Art design classes can be taught using different methods. Creating new items is sometimes dictated by the teacher. The teacher only shows children the structural details and demonstrates the basic techniques for their manufacture. After this, the students copy the teacher’s actions.
Design can be carried out by analogs. At the same time, children create objects under the direct supervision of a teacher. Further, they are invited to independently produce a similar design.
You can create any item according to the model. At the same time, students should analyze the finished design and independently determine the quantity and shape of the necessary parts, as well as the sequence of their assembly. Such classes allow children to become independent in their search activities.
Artistic construction can be studied by creating an object according to one’s own plan, according to given conditions or by a team of 2-4 people.