The agro-climatic conditions in each country can be rich or meager. Or, a country may have different zones where there is a high level of resources, as well as their almost complete absence.
As a rule, a large variety of agroclimatic resources is observed in countries occupying a large area. Among them, the following states can be distinguished: Russia, China, India, Australia, USA, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. In order to fully present the overall picture, it is necessary to understand what agroclimatic resources are and what their availability affects.
What are agroclimatic resources?
Agroclimatic resources are the formed climate conditions on a certain territorial unit that determine this or that agricultural activity.
Agroclimatic resources of the world are usually evaluated as favorable and unfavorable.
In order to understand how the possibility of agricultural activity is assessed, it will be necessary to understand in detail what agroclimatic resources are and what factors influence their indicator.
The agroclimatic resources of a certain region are determined by the ratio of light, heat and moisture. This indicator determines the number of crops that can be grown in a given area. They are distinguished by zones of temperature, moisture and light. There are countries with both homogeneous natural conditions and their great diversity.
Next, we consider the conditions in Russia and Asia.
Agroclimatic resources of Russia
Russia is a country located in different climatic zones with different intensities of solar energy. This factor makes it possible to grow a wide range of crops with different requirements for light, heat and moisture.
Of all the factors, the plant reacts most strongly to air temperature. The main processes take place in the range of 5-30 degrees Celsius. Deviation from this range leads to inhibition of growth and processes. With a strong deviation from the norm, the plant dies.
A temperature above +10 degrees is considered the lower limit of the effective vegetation of plants. To obtain a crop of a particular crop, the plant must “accumulate” the total number of positive temperatures above ten degrees. Each culture has its own indicator, respectively, and its own requirements for conditions.
Agroclimatic zones of Russia
Russia's agroclimatic resources in the northern regions have increased moisture and lack of heat and light. In such conditions, only focal farming and greenhouse farming are possible.
In the northern part of the temperate zone in the taiga subzone, the climate is somewhat milder. Potatoes, rye, barley and legumes can be grown in this region.
Somewhat south, in the zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe, the climate is warmer and the day is longer. In this agroclimatic zone, you can grow rye, wheat, corn, flax, hemp, sugar beets, and also cultivate grapes and garden.
The best combination of agro-climatic resources was formed on the territory of the Central Chernozem Region, the North Caucasus and part of the Volga region.
The sum of the temperatures of the growing season is 2200-3400
degrees Celsius. Under such conditions, winter and spring wheat, corn, soy, sunflower, vegetables and fruits can be grown.
In most of the country, the sum of the temperatures of the growing season is in the range of 1000-2000 degrees Celsius. What are agroclimatic resources and what role do they play in the formation and activity of agriculture in this case? The answer is obvious. Based on world experience and economic efficiency, such conditions do not contribute to the ability to compete and have profitable production.
As a rule, in developed countries, such areas of agriculture are subsidized by the state. The profitability of the agricultural sector directly depends on this indicator.
Agroclimatic conditions of the Asian region
The territory of Asia includes more than forty countries. About four billion people live in this part of the planet. The nutrition of the population directly depends on the agricultural activities of countries, which is determined and limited by certain climatic conditions.
Agroclimatic resources of Asia are characterized by a high amount of heat. However, the amount of moisture in most of it is small, and in some regions - excessive.
The following countries have optimal conditions for agricultural activities: Bangladesh (about 70% of the area is plowed up), India (166 million hectares), China (93 million hectares).
In the rest of Asia, focal farming is carried out, or only crops of a waterlogged growing zone are cultivated.
In the main part of Asia there are vast territories of mountain ranges, deserts and semi-deserts.
Despite the fact that seventy percent of the irrigated land is in Asia, they are sorely lacking. The reason is a rapidly growing population and soil erosion.
Agroclimatic conditions of Kazakhstan
As for the former CIS countries located in Asia, Kazakhstan occupies the largest territory. The geographical location of the country corresponds to the states located in the Mediterranean region with a humid subtropical climate.
However, the agro-climatic resources of Kazakhstan are an order of magnitude lower. Its climate is sharply continental. This is explained by the fact that the territory of the country is located more than a thousand kilometers from the seas and oceans. Therefore, throughout the country arid summers with low rainfall. In winter, Siberian cold frosts prevail.
Most precipitation falls in the highlands of Altai.
On the territory of irrigation and the maximum rainfall, cotton, wheat, tobacco, fruits and melons are grown.
Conclusion
The agroclimatic resources of each country determine its agricultural activity and the life of the population. If the conditions are favorable, the country is able to provide food for its citizens and not be dependent on foreign policy.
When agroclimatic resources are scarce, then, as a rule, the country's population is starving, and the state is dependent on the foreign food market. An example is many countries in Africa and Asia.