AlAt (full name - alanine aminotransferase) is an enzyme produced in the liver and participating in the metabolism of amino acids. If the norm of AlAt in the blood is exceeded, this may be the first sign of any disease. A significant amount of the enzyme is found in the liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys, and heart muscle. And much less than it in blood serum, because the norm of AlAt in the blood is represented by an insignificant amount of this substance. Exceeding it may be the first sign of any pathology, but not always.
If, for some reason, the cells of the organs in which this substance is contained begin to break down, then AlAt enters the blood in large quantities. Its norm in blood serum is from about 0.1 to 0.68 μmol / ml h. Or about 30-40 units per liter. That is, in a healthy human body, AlAt is present in a very small amount. Its norm for women is up to 31 units per liter, for men - up to 41 units per liter. An increase in ALA can be caused by diseases such as hepatitis, toxic liver damage or liver cancer, cirrhosis, alcoholism, heart disease - myocardial infarction or heart failure, skeletal muscle death . Also, after a serious shock or burns, an increase in AlAt is possible. The norm is often exceeded with extensive heart attacks. And a very serious increase happens during the incubation period of infectious hepatitis.
AcAt (its full name is lutamate oxaloacetate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme whose concentration is highest in the myocardium, liver, kidneys and skeletal muscles. This enzyme is more active in the body of men than women. If the activity of AcAb in the blood is increased, then this may indicate damage to the cells of the organ, less often - a violation of the function of this organ. If damage to the heart muscle has occurred, then in this case, the largest surge in the activity of AcAb is observed - its activity can increase up to 20 times. The larger the focus of necrosis in the myocardium, the greater the content of the enzyme in the blood. The norm of AlAt in the blood of children is much lower on average than in adults. In the blood of girls aged 7 to 12 years, this norm corresponds to 13-21 units, and for boys of the same age, this bar, both lower and upper, can be higher by an average of 4 units. In adolescents, the norm of AlAt in the blood may be lower than in children younger. So, for girls aged 13 to 17 years, the norm varies from 10 to 13 units per liter, for boys of the same age category - from 10 to 15. This is the average AlAt indicator for adolescents. Its norm for older men does not change, but for older women it decreases by 2-3 units per liter.
Both AlAt and AsAt belong to enzymes - aminotransferases. These enzymes are the most active in the entire body of any person. Most AlAta is in the liver, and AsAta is in the tissues of the muscles, especially in the tissues of the myocardium, heart muscle. AcAT consists of the cytoplasmic isoenzyme and mitochondrial isoenzyme. 80% of the entire activity of AcAta occurs precisely in the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. In the blood serum of these two isoenzymes, usually only cytoplasmic is determined.
Norm AsAt, AlAt is exceeded with various liver lesions. Including damage to alcohol, medication or toxic, cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc. If toxic poisoning of the liver occurred due to the use of certain medications, then in this case the rate of AsAt, AlAt is exceeded. Any toxic effect on the liver can lead to this result. The rate of AsAt, AlAt is also increased due to factors that are in no way associated with malfunctions in the liver. Such factors are infancy - up to six months (increasing the norm of these enzymes in babies is normal), damage to heart muscle tissue, heat stroke, the course of childhood Fox disease, muscle inflammation, hemophilia, obesity and many others.
Norm AsAt, AlAt in the body is also underestimated. This happens due to renal failure, pyridoxine deficiency, i.e. vitamin B. It may also well be the result of a repeated hemodialysis procedure. It may well be absolutely normal that the pregnant woman has lowered (raised) AsAt or Alat. Its norm during pregnancy is often violated due to the fact that systemic changes occur in the body of the expectant mother.