Sporadic incidence is one of the phenomena that make up the epidemic process, and a manifestation of the weakest severity of the epidemic (epizootic) process.
Links of the epidemic process
- Sporadic incidence.
- Epidemic.
- Pandemic.
What is sporadic incidence
Sporadic - this means a single, registered from case to case, irregularly.
Sporadic incidence is usually called the frequency of detection of a particular disease at a level characteristic of the study area, the current time of the year or corresponding to the characteristics of a single population.
In other words, a sporadic disease is a disease whose cases are distributed in the population relatively evenly and are not related to each other by an epidemic dependence and a common source of infection, and also without signs of a hereditary, familial disease. A quantitative criterion for sporadic morbidity is the incidence rate of no more than ten cases of the disease per hundred thousand of the population.
The main causes of sporadic diseases
- Neuroendocrine changes in the body.
- Violations of normal embryogenesis.
- Pathology of pregnancy (in particular, occlusive vascular lesions).
- Spontaneous mutations.
Examples and features
- Sporadic goiter. The disease is ubiquitous and is associated, rather, with neurohormonal disruptions occurring in the body. If a similar disease shows a connection with the peculiarities of the composition of the soil or water in a given area, then this case is not sporadic. This phenomenon should be attributed to endemic pathology.
- Sporadic hemiplegic migraine. A case of migraine is recorded as sporadic - this is when the clinical picture characteristic of this form (migraine with aura, manifested by hemiparesis, in extreme cases - up to hemiplegia lasting up to one hour) does not occur in history of any of the relatives. Sporadic migraine should be differentiated from other forms of the disease with similar symptoms, as well as cerebrovascular disorders, including transient ones.
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The character in most cases is sporadic. This disease also has a family form, transmitted through an autosomal dominant path of inheritance. It is recorded in ten percent of cases of the total incidence rate and has certain anatomical and clinical features that help to differentiate it from the sporadic variant.