The development of design estimates is an integral and very important component of the construction of civil or industrial facilities, reconstruction of buildings, their overhaul or ongoing cosmetic repairs. When making an estimate for construction work, they receive data (results of economic calculations) that allow us to evaluate the feasibility of the project and accurately determine the necessary costs for its implementation.
Estimated business in construction
The importance of the professional activities of specialists in budgeting is difficult to overestimate. The set of documents formed by them is an effective tool for monitoring and planning. It makes it possible to find out the size of the required capital investments, to finance, to keep accounts and records, to analyze the results of the completed.
Most of the estimated documentation - calculations performed for the construction of departmental facilities and residential buildings. Moreover, the sample estimates for construction work for individuals and budget organizations are different. If the former prioritizes the costs of paying wages to workers and calculating the commercial value of building materials, then the latter is somewhat different. It is important for them to strictly comply with regional and federal rates, the correct application of industry and territorial coefficients in the calculations.
Types of construction estimates
Pricing practice provides for the classification of budget documentation:
- on the stages of construction - actual, executive, tender, conceptual;
- by type of work performed - finishing, repair, construction, etc .;
- by the components of the calculation itself (separate and separately completed) - summary, object or local.
Calculation Methods
The estimate for repair and construction work can be calculated in various ways. Briefly consider what they are.
- Base-index - the estimated cost determined on the basis of the unit prices in the region is converted by indexation to the current price level (allocation indices for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are established by the RCCS - regional centers for pricing in construction - quarterly or monthly).
- Resource - budgeting for construction work using this method involves the calculation based on real tariffs, current prices and prices for labor, technical, material and other resources (the lack of the method is its complexity and justification complexity).
- Resource-index - both the resource and index methods are used simultaneously.
- Basic compensation - the basic cost indicators formed at the time of the start of construction are adjusted based on the actual additional costs associated with changes in tariffs and prices.
- Analogies - to determine the amount of costs, a data bank is used (a sample estimate for construction work on the construction of a similar structure or building).
Scheme, or key components
Regardless of the calculation methodology that is used, forming an estimate for construction work, you need to carry out the calculation:
- direct costs, including the cost of products and materials to be used, as well as investments related to the acquisition, rental and operation of the necessary mechanisms and machines, the payment of salaries to workers (current tariff rates, territorial and federal rates, established norms for the consumption of building materials are taken into account) ;
- overhead costs that go towards providing the organizational and managerial part of construction, as well as limited and unlimited costs (payments on loans, voluntary or compulsory insurance, and others);
- planned savings (estimated profits), funds that are intended for material incentives for employees and the development of the material and technical base of the contractor.
Local estimate for construction work: what is it, what sections does it include?
Local estimates are the basic primary documents that are compiled for separately taken types of costs and work (construction of the foundation, walls, staircases, etc.), the main structural elements and engineering equipment for a particular building project, reconstruction or repair. Only direct costs are taken into account.
Estimation of the estimated cost is made on the basis of the volumes defined in the working design documentation. In other words, we can say that a local estimate for construction work is a statement in which unit rates are grouped into sections. It fills in the fields in the columns allotted to indicate resource codes and ciphers of quotations, a description of the types of repair and construction works and the costs required for their production, as well as measurement parameters for those and the number of units. Next, prices, conversion factors and correction factors are put down. After making the appropriate calculation, they get the total cost of each position.
How to determine the types and amount of repair work to draw up estimates?
Accurate calculations are needed not only in the construction of new buildings. In order to proceed with the preparation of budget documentation for major, ongoing or restoration repairs, the surveyor does not always need to personally inspect the facility. The estimate for repair and construction work can be calculated on the basis of a defective statement containing accurate data on what flaws are identified, what needs to be done and in what volumes.
What is the examination of the estimates for?
A detailed calculation of the estimated documentation allows the customer to avoid possible misunderstandings with the general contractor and eliminates unspecified additional costs. The reliability of calculations of the cost of construction depends on its planning and the effectiveness of capital investments.
An expert assessment of estimates allows you to determine whether all the work and materials were taken into account by the estimator, whether deviations from prices, standards and other basic criteria established by law are allowed, whether there is an understatement or overpricing.
How to estimate construction work without making mistakes?
When constructing large industrial and residential facilities, it is not so simple to determine their estimated cost correctly. Prices for equipment, tools, materials needed for construction change over time. Also, do not forget about the risks associated with force majeure.
The quality and accuracy of the calculation of estimates are determined by various parameters. The most important of them always remains the professionalism of an estimate engineer who knows how to take into account all the nuances. First of all, we are talking about the correct use of conversion indices and all kinds of correlation coefficients (for price increase, inflation, etc.), the right choice of territorial unit prices (an error in choosing the name of the type of construction work can lead to a significant change in the cost indicated in the estimate documentation )
Great helpers that allow you to quickly generate estimates for construction work are calculation automation programs (GRAND-estimate, Smeta.ru, Stroy-Info and others). However, simplifying the process, they do not cancel the need to have deep knowledge and experience.