Fire operations include production processes that involve the use of open flame or heating, which can cause sparking, ignition of materials and / or structures, devices, assemblies, clothing, etc. Their implementation requires the observance of particularly stringent safety measures provided for by various rules and the laws. Persons involved in such work must obtain a special permit - a work permit for fire work.
The list of hot work
The following types of work are legally highlighted:
- fire heating of bitumen mass;
- gas welding works;
- soldering work;
- electric welding;
- electric and gas cutting works;
- gasoline and kerosene cutting works;
- cutting metal products with mechanized tools;
- any work using an open flame.
Preliminary Actions
Open fire works are carried out in two stages: preparatory and the actual execution of work (main).
Before filling out the work permit-permit, that is, at the first stage, the head of the unit (organization, company), or his deputy, appoints those responsible for the preparatory stage and the hot work from among specialists who know the rules for conducting hot work and know the conditions training facility. These employees need to:
- determine the scope and content of upcoming work (both preparatory and basic);
- to compose a sequence of actions of performers
- to prepare measures for the safe execution of work and to ensure their unquestioning performance;
- organize the air layer control procedure and develop the frequency of air sampling ;
- offer remedies.
The results of the measures taken should be documented and approved by the head of the unit in which the hot work will be carried out, or his deputy. The document is then transferred to the chief engineer or to the person replacing him for approval.
Air monitoring
Hot work related to work of increased danger is permitted to begin only in the absence of explosive and fire hazardous substances in the air. Their presence and concentration should be determined by a special device (maximum permissible concentrations are prescribed in the Sanitary Standards). Measurements are taken at equal intervals in the communications, apparatus or places where work is underway, as well as in a hazardous area.
In case of exceeding the content of hazardous substances inside the apparatus, pipeline, etc., or in the hazardous area, work immediately ceases. Their resumption is possible only after the identification and elimination of the causes of gas contamination and the full restoration of the normal performance of the air zone.
During work associated with the use of fire, workshop personnel must take measures to exclude the slightest possibility of fire and explosive substances entering the air. It is also forbidden to open apparatuses and hatches, unloading, draining or reloading oily products, loading them through open hatches and other actions that may provoke a fire.
The admission order for the execution of hot work is signed by the person responsible for them, but only after the acceptance of the prepared equipment and the place of work from the person responsible for these works, and with normal air performance.
Recommendations for getting started
Any fire hazardous work is carried out only in the daytime (emergency cases may be an exception). Open fire works may involve specialists who have undergone professional training and have special certificates or other documents confirming their qualifications.
Before starting hot work, for example, gas cutting of metal, the head of the unit / head of the brigade (workshop, site, etc.) draws up an accurate plan of action. If there are explosive areas, specialized equipment is installed on them to ensure the safety of the facility, power sources are turned off, installations and equipment are stopped, which pose a threat to the health and / or life of the performers, and signs are displayed that indicate the boundaries of the danger zone. Structural elements of buildings, metal structures, platforms and similar places that will be in the work area must be cleaned of explosive and fire hazardous products (tar, dust, combustible materials and liquids). The exits from the trays, drain funnels and other devices connected to the sewer, but in which flammable vapors or gases may remain, must be blocked and covered with sand (layer at least 10 cm). You also need to take measures to prevent the spread of sparks.
Places for gas cutting of metal must be marked with bright paint, chalk, tag or other clearly visible signs. Pipelines, machines, containers, apparatuses and other equipment, which is supposed to carry out hot work, must be freed, cleaned of fire, explosive and toxic products, separated by plugs from the existing parts of communications and apparatus (be sure to put a mark in the installation and removal of plugs) and prepare for the upcoming hot work. The starting parts of apparatuses and devices are de-energized. Measures are also taken to prevent their unexpected launch.
Each specialist involved in the work must undergo targeted training and have fire protection equipment. His workplace is being prepared, the tool is being checked.
Only at the end of the above steps is it possible to write out an admission order for hot work.
Rules for registration
This document does not have a strict form or a required form. Therefore, it is written out in a free form or on a form of a work permit permit for fire works developed in advance by the organization. A permit is issued on letterhead with the details of the enterprise or on writing paper in standard A4 format in two copies. One remains with the head, the second is transferred to the person responsible for fire safety in the organization.
A document is drawn up, according to legal standards, for one work shift and specifically for each type of work. When reconstructing workshop buildings or overhauls, involving a complete stoppage of the production process, a work permit is issued for the period indicated in the schedule for the overhaul or reconstruction, but not more than for a calendar month.
If work is to be carried out inside collectors, apparatuses, trenches, tanks, etc., special safety measures must be taken. They are spelled out in the "Instructions for the organization and safe conduct of gas hazardous work" (PI-1).
The Government Decree of April 25, 2012 introduced the requirement for the compulsory execution of an admission order for hot work on temporary sites. Exceptions are private households and building zones. When carrying out hot work in these territories, permission is not issued.
Emergency mode
In the event of an accident, a team of workers may receive a work permit from the head of the unit (organization) in which it is necessary to perform these works, or from his deputy. This may be a worker in the workshop who is not involved in the main production process, but who knows the safety rules when performing hot work. Further actions of specialists should be carried out under the direct supervision and guidance of the person who issued the permit for hot work. And they must also be agreed with the chief engineer. If the emergency occurred on non-working days (holidays or weekends) or in the dark, then fire hazardous work is carried out with the written approval of the chief engineer.
Work with the use of open flame: algorithm
The place where the hot work will take place should be equipped with primary fire fighting equipment. These include: a fire extinguisher, a closed sand box, a cone-shaped bucket, a shovel, water.
A qualified and certified team of workers is allowed to carry out hot work. In addition to the performers of the work, it should have an insurance (or observer). This is an employee who continuously monitors the contractor and is able to provide emergency assistance if necessary. Most often, insurers are appointed when working in wells, tanks, trenches and other containers. Appointed as part of the brigade and understudy. This worker performs the work prescribed by the work permit, but his duties include replacing the main contractor to ensure the continuity of the process, if the time spent in the work area is limited by established safety requirements.
The whole team must know the fire-technical minimum program and labor protection instructions.
Responsibility for ensuring the necessary fire safety measures is assigned to the head.
Permission Content
It is set out in Appendix No. 4 to Government Decision No. 390. Paper is drawn up by the head of the organization or by the person designated responsible for fire safety.
POT RO 14000-005-98 presents the forms recommended for hot work. This is a permit to carry out such work, and a work permit for the production of these works in temporarily organized places.
In any of them are indicated:
- name of the workshop, unit or organization;
- surname, initials and position of the head - contractor;
- the content of the work and their nature are described;
- place of execution;
- Performers are listed: surname, initials of each, qualification and mark (date and signature) on the briefing;
- start and end time is indicated;
- describes technical and organizational measures for fire safety ,
- signatures of persons with which the previous paragraphs were agreed upon;
- then the person responsible for the preparation of the site of the hot work is signed;
- if necessary, information on the extension of the previous work permit for hot work is entered: the date by which the work will be extended, changes in the composition of the brigade and the person with whom this extension is agreed is indicated;
- information on completion of work is indicated;
- Must have the signature of the head, date and exact time;
- The shift supervisor signs the last.
General Instructions for Filling
The upper right corner contains information on the name of the organization, whose specialists carry out work of increased danger.
The upper left corner contains information about the head of the enterprise and the date of registration of the work permit. In this part of the sheet, upon completion of the document, the signature of the director should appear.
Below this data, in the center, the name of the document is recorded.
Then, in separate paragraphs, the data of the employee for whom the work permit is issued, the name of the work performed and information about the object (its name and actual address) are issued.
And only after that the data about the performers are posted. All is indicated: profession, date of the last briefing, qualification. Each specialist, information about which is listed, puts his list. An example of a work permit permit is listed below.
Event Description
The next part of the hot work permit is devoted directly to the actions taken.
The first to indicate the time of commencement and anticipated completion of work.
Then it is noted that the hot work and the measures taken to comply with fire safety are agreed with the services responsible for this (a specific name, initials with the position and date of approval are entered).
The description ends with the name of the person designated as responsible for the preparation of jobs (by analogy with the previous paragraph).
If the work is not completed by the deadline indicated in the work permit, then an extension clause must be added. It cannot be more than one work shift. Following is a mark on the approval of the extension of work.
In the case of replacing any specialist or adding a new one, a special table is compiled.
After completion of work, the work permit for the execution of hot work indicates the actual time, date, and the responsible person signs this data. Then the document is submitted to the head of the organization for approval.
Special restrictions
The Labor Protection Commission forbids executors of hot work:
- use clothing with traces of kerosene, oil, gasoline and other flammable liquids;
- work with equipment that has failed;
- allow students or personnel to work without the right to carry out such work;
- to allow contact of electric wires with tanks filled with compressed gas;
- make welding or cutting freshly painted structures;
- weld apparatus filled with combustible gases;
- use as a return wire the network of grounding or grounding of metal structures;
- use bare or insulated wires;
- power the electric arc directly from the distribution network;
- transfer cylinders to the place of work on the shoulders;
- inclusion and disconnection of welding units by welders in the general power supply network;
- allow the installation and / or permanent location of welding units in production facilities;
- mechanically attack oxygen-filled cylinders or not control their fall.
The safety of hot work should be guaranteed:
- removal of combustible and flammable structures and / or materials, as well as combustible devices and mechanisms from the place of work to a safe distance or sheltering them with non-combustible covers;
- a decrease in oxygen concentration in tanks to normal by dilution with inert gases (for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, flue gases, etc.);
- a decrease in the concentration of hydrocarbon gases in the air layer of production facilities and / or tanks to a safe level for work manufacturers by their degassing and stripping;
- the removal of atmospheric gases containing oxygen and other combustible gases by filling tanks with water.