Let us analyze the conversational style of speech. The genres used in it have certain differences. Any conversation consists of certain components that the speaking person chooses at his own discretion.
The main components of the situation
Genres of colloquial style of speech include the following components:
- unofficial relations between the interlocutors;
- lack of installation on a specific message;
- confidentiality.
The first factor implies kinship, friendship, or neutral relationship between the two interlocutors. The second component indicates the official nature of the relationship. For example, we are talking about answering an exam, speaking at a meeting, and conducting a scientific debate. The third factor suggests the absence of any elements that would lead to a violation of a full conversation. Only if there is no tape recorder or unauthorized persons during the conversation, is it a question of complete ease of communication.
Additional factors
Genres of colloquial style of speech suggest the presence of additional elements that influence the construction and selection of the style of conversation. Among them are:
- The number of participants in the conversation. Depending on the number of interlocutors, a monologue, polylogue or dialogue can go on.
- Conditions for conversation.
- Use of extralinguistic combinations.
- The presence of worldly experience.
Let us analyze in more detail these additional components of a full-fledged conversation. The genres of conversational style of speech depend on the number of speaking people. For example, a monologue does not imply an exchange of views, and a dialogue without the interaction of two interlocutors can hardly be called full-fledged and held. Any conversational style of speech, the genres in which are chosen incorrectly, sounds strange, is not perceived by others.
Monologue Characteristic
Its main feature is dialogue. He is always directed to listeners who can interrupt the speaker at any time, offer him questions, object or agree with the arguments used in the monologue. In real life, it is difficult to imagine a situation when students interrupt the teacher during a lecture and ask him various questions.
Dialogue
What is characterized by such a colloquial style of speech? The genres currently in use have an interesting history. For example, dialogues were used in ancient Greece. They were characterized by the presence in conversation of the listener and the speaker. Throughout the conversation, they periodically changed their roles, depending on the situation. And in ordinary colloquial speech, neither dialogue nor monologue are used in a pure form. Basically, the genres of colloquial style of speech, examples of which can be taken from your life, involve the use of intersecting forms. For example, in the dialogue there are mini-monologues, micro-stories, and the interlocutor's speech is constantly interrupted by the interlocutors, trying to conduct a dialogue.
The polylogue in modern colloquial speech involves mixing individual replicas of each participant in the conversation. What characterizes this conversational style? The genres in it mix, change each other. Gradually, there is a transition from one topic to another, as a result of a polylogue, the participants in the conversation manage to consider many problems related to various spheres of life and activity of modern society. For example, a conversation about a specific project gradually turns into a detailed discussion of the personal qualities of its participants, developers.
Speech Conditions
The speech genres of the conversational style of speech are divided into personal (contact) conversations and remote (distant) conversations. In the case of a contact conversation, the interlocutors have the opportunity to use facial expressions and gestures as the main means for transmitting certain information. In the case of remote communication, only hearing is used as the main communication channel.
Extra-language situation
What else distinguishes the conversational style of speech? Types and genres of it imply reliance on the environment in which communication is carried out (conservation). In the case of informal communication, it is built in such a way that speech and consonition are built into a single whole. It is the situation that determines the use of incomplete sentences, additional expressions, a large number of pronouns. For example, before going to work, the hostess inspects her shoes. What should I wear? These or those? Dry? It seems so. She uses pronouns, but to understand the situation, people around do not need any clarifications and additions. Despite the fact that she does not even use the word “boots”, the situation is such that the main subject of conversation is this particular wardrobe item.
Everyday experience
What else characterizes the conversational style of speech? Genres, areas of use imply the existence of everyday experience in all interlocutors. If the participants in the dialogue are familiar with each other over a long period of time, it is much easier for them to have a conversation than for those people who know almost nothing about the identity of their interlocutor. Having a common everyday society helps classmates, friends, and relatives communicate.
Personal letters
As a separate genre of oral speech, experts consider telephone conversations and personal letters. Currently, written messages are a type of communication between civilized people. Not everyone has the talent for writing beautiful and competent letters, but such abilities can be developed with an idea of the basic requirements of the epistolary genre. Starting to write a message, you can remember and comprehend those things that do not "pop up" in the head during short phone calls. A correctly and clearly written letter in business is a guarantee of a good income. As for personal letters, they will be repeatedly read to those to whom they are addressed. Often words cannot convey the feelings and emotions that overwhelm a person. Then he picks up a pen, a sheet of paper and begins to write down his experiences. Depending on how the letters will be delivered to the recipients, they are divided into three main groups:
- personal messages are addressed to friends, loved ones, family members;
- semi-official letters are intended to receive information about the service, product, its main characteristics;
- official business letters must be impartial, formal.
Modern schoolchildren and students often have no idea how to write a personal letter correctly, do not use business correspondence. Personal messages are intended for the most dear and dear people, so they should contain the maximum number of warm and affectionate words. Frankness depends on how close the relationship between the author of the letter and the addressee exists in real communication. It is personal letters that are considered a great addition to the dialogue between people. If you wish, you can insert several interesting stories, jokes, jokes in the message. Children and adolescents communicating through letters draw flowers and hearts between the lines, put beautiful postcards and stickers in the envelope. Business correspondence does not allow such “liberties”. Such letters are characterized by a clear and concise statement of facts, they are devoid of emotions and additions.
Conclusion
Despite the fact that computer technology, virtual communication increasingly enters the life of a modern person, people still continue to communicate with each other, the conversational style of speech is relevant. The genres, the scope of its use are so great that they remain relevant and in demand in modern society. In order for the conversation between people to be interesting, useful, help to eliminate various problems, eliminate conflict situations, it is important to know and follow the basic rules and principles of dialogue, polylogue. In order for the main genres of colloquial speech to become your allies, to help you study, work, do not forget that the monologue cannot be interrupted, and the dialogue involves mutual communication.