The Russian Federation is a large country, which is divided into economic regions. There are only 12 of them, and those, in turn, are divided into subjects, the number of which varies depending on geographical location.
general information
The economic regions of the Russian Federation are divided into the following territories: Central, Central Black Earth, Kaliningrad, Volga-Vyatka, North, North-West, Volga, Ural, North Caucasus, East Siberian, West Siberian, Far East, Republic of Crimea (does not include in one area).
They, in turn, are divided into entities, which include oblasts, republics, territories, autonomous oblast, autonomous okrugs and cities of federal significance.
For example, the Central District includes 13 entities, and the North-West includes only three.
Autonomous Oblast and Autonomous Okrug: differences
At present, in the Russian Federation there are 85 entities that differ from each other in their constitutional legal status. Regions with 46 subjects prevail, followed by national republics with a status that allows them to create their own Constitution. There are 22 subjects. There are also 9 territories, 4 autonomous districts and only one autonomous region. Do not forget about the cities of federal significance, there are only three of them. They are also considered separate entities.
One feature should be noted: all autonomous entities were formed under the influence of a national attribute. For example, such nations as Jews, Nenets, Khanty, Chukchi and others. Another sign is the territory on which these peoples live. The status of the autonomous region of Russia or the district is determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other important documents. Legal independence is needed to resolve issues of national minorities, of which there are a great many in our multinational country.
Jewish Autonomous Region: History
If in the Russian Federation there are 4 autonomous districts, then there is only one region and it is located in the Far Eastern Federal District.
It was formed in 1934, the main city is Birobidzhan. Interestingly, according to population estimates for 2010, the percentage of Jews was less than 1% of all residents. In total, the population at that time was 164 thousand people.
During the period of revolutions, Jews did not have the status of an honorary people, rather they did not like them, although after 1917 they were all equalized. In the Soviet period, the authorities even began to cooperate with them in order to attract Jews to work.
In 1928, it was decided to settle the working Jews in those lands that were empty, but they needed to be developed and developed, such as the Amur strip. In 1934, by order of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the district received the status of an Autonomous Jewish National Region.
Until 1991, there were several more similar areas, but after the transformation of the USSR into the Russian Federation, these entities received the status of republics. They left only one area autonomous. Although in the USSR there were 19 of them. Some of them after the collapse went to other states that separated from the country.
General information
The autonomous region is located in the Far East in one of the favorable corners. There are mountains and plains, the large river of Eurasia - the Amur, as well as such rivers as Birakan, Urmi, Bijan, Bira and others.
Due to its temperate climate, various crops such as cereals, vegetables, melons and potatoes can be grown here. An important industry is the production of meat and dairy products. Winters are not cold, and even at the highest points the temperature does not fall below -30 ° C. And in the summer it is warm, there is enough rainfall. The temperature does not rise above + 35 ° C.
Cedar, spruce, and oak forests grow on the territory of the autonomous region; therefore, there are a lot of species of animals and plants. Mineral deposits such as tin, gold, manganese, iron, graphite, brucite and others were identified and explored.
According to the latest data, 164 thousand people live in the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region, of which Russians make up 92%, Ukrainians - 2.8%, Jews - 1%. All other nationalities are in 4.2%.
The largest city is Birobidzhan, 74 thousand people live in it. The remaining settlements are much smaller, and no more than 10 thousand people live in them.