Preservation, and at the same time, strengthening the health of the population is one of the basic functions of our state. The most effective method of timely detection of a disease is the medical examination. What is additional medical examination of the population and why is it so important, and also what is the procedure for its implementation? Next, we will answer these questions.
Basic concepts
The catastrophic deterioration of people's living standards, high mortality, and demographic crisis prompted the state to pay close attention to the health of citizens. A medical examination plan was introduced, providing for a comprehensive examination of the body of the patient who applied for detectable diseases. The system works recently, few know about the procedure. Free medical examinations for adults and children, what is included in the survey? This should be known to many health-conscious citizens.
Additional medical examination is carried out for the benefit of the population under the influence of dangerous and harmful factors as part of the health insurance program. This type of medical examination is considered voluntary, but if the obligation to undergo it is provided for by a collective or individual labor agreement, then the employee undertakes to undergo an appropriate examination.
The main purpose of the allocation of additional days for medical examination is to reduce the mortality and morbidity of working people. The main tasks are the identification and treatment of socially significant ailments at an early stage of their formation. These include, for example, diseases of the cardiac and vascular system, along with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and oncology.
Instruments
The instruments of additional clinical examination include examinations by specialists such as a therapist, neurologist, gynecologist (urologist), surgeon, optometrist, endocrinologist. In addition, laboratory instrumental examinations are carried out, in which the population takes blood and urine tests, an examination for tumor markers (after 45 years), fluorography, ECG, mammography and the like.
Health report
After carrying out all the above examinations and visiting the required specialists, the therapist makes a conclusion about the health status of a particular employee, he is assigned a classification group. There are only five such classes: from the first, assigned to a healthy person, to the fifth, when the patient requires the provision of sufficiently serious medical care.
It is worth emphasizing that any employee can undergo additional medical examination at a medical institution at the place of residence or at the address of employment.
List of required examinations
On the additional day of the clinical examination, it is required to go through and pass the following tests:
- Performing fluorography, which must be done once a year.
- Mammography is done once every two years (this is an ultrasound examination of the mammary gland).
- Conducting electrocardiography.
- Submission of a clinical blood test and urine.
- Conducting a study to determine the level of cholesterol.
- Sugar analysis.
- Performing a prostate test.
As part of the medical examination, an examination by the following specialists is required:
- Visit to the general practitioner (GP).
- Visit to a neurologist, surgeon and ophthalmologist.
- Consultation with an endocrinologist.
- The passage of a gynecologist by women and a urologist by men.
Read more about additional days off for medical examination below.
Basic goals
So, we are talking about a set of measures that are aimed at monitoring the state of health of a citizen in dynamics. Diagnostics is included in this research complex along with prevention and rehabilitation.
The working population is the main backbone, on the fruits of labor of which the state develops and exists, as well as the materially disabled layer of the population. Accordingly, the concern for maintaining the health of this contingent appears to be the country's most important function. Thus, the main goals of allocating additional vacation days for medical examination include:
- Preservation of public health.
- Disease reduction and disease prevention.
- Decrease in the numerical indicator of disability and mortality.
- Improving the overall quality of life.
Tasks
Achieving all of the above goals is based on the integrated execution of a number of specific tasks. Only the planned implementation of the tasks will help to make the medical examination really effective. This is achieved thanks to the coordinated cooperation of medical institutions and employers. So, the main tasks include:
- A medical examination of workers over the age of eighteen years by specialists using a diagnostic study, the frequency is every three years.
- An additional examination of people who are in great need.
- Disease detection at an early stage.
- Performing a comprehensive health assessment of each employee.
- Observation in dynamics of the state and well-being of citizens.
- Statistical and scientific research.
- Attraction of technical modern achievements for computerization and automation of clinical examination management.
- Promotion of a healthy lifestyle and health hygiene education.
The order of passage and the order
The procedure for performing additional medical examination of the population is regulated by law. It is enshrined in the Order of the Ministry of Health No. 36 of 2015. The latest changes to the regulatory document were made in 2016. According to this Order on additional medical examination, the diagnosis is carried out in two stages.
The first stage is aimed at detecting chronic ailments in people, and in addition, the presence of a predisposition to such. Based on the results of the study, citizens can be sent to the second stage to conduct a more detailed study of the condition. Workers undergo a survey within the working time according to the approved schedule.
Medical manipulations of the first stage
The first stage, as a rule, consists of the following medical procedures:
- Conducting a survey.
- Measure a person’s weight, as well as height and pressure.
- Checking a number of indicators for the analysis of blood, feces and urine.
- Taking an electrocardiogram along with fluorography.
- Gynecologist examination for women.
- Mammography (for women over forty).
- Performing abdominal examination using ultrasound (after 39 years).
- The implementation of the measurement of intraocular pressure.
- Patient visit to a neurologist (after 51 years).
- Reception at the therapist.
Second phase
The second stage of an additional medical examination of the population is carried out if there is a need for an additional examination of the patient in order to make a diagnosis. It is carried out with the help of special studies and visits by specialists of narrow specialization.
Features of the clinical examination of the population, which is exposed to great professional risks
Employment at work, which is distinguished by the presence of factors harmful and dangerous to humans, implies high professional risks. This means that the health of a citizen in the performance of his duties can be seriously damaged to varying degrees of severity.
Occupational hazards can be individual and group. The former suggest the possibility of a deterioration in the well-being of one employee. The second means harming a group of people in the performance of their duties for a certain period of time, for example, for a year or for a whole length of service. As a rule, this type of occupational risk is assessed.
The additional medical examination of people employed at workplaces with a high level of danger is distinguished by its features. For example, in the framework of applying for a job, a medical examination of employees is carried out in order to ascertain the conformity of the state of health and the requirements that are presented to the candidate for a particular workplace, that is, they carry out an examination of professional suitability.
During periodic medical examinations, in addition to general practitioners, specialists of narrow specialization are involved, namely occupational pathologists. According to the decree of the Ministry of Health and Social Development, such an examination should be carried out at least every two years, and for people who are under twenty years of age each year (Article No. 213 of the Labor Code). The following steps are taken:
- The employer draws up a list of people who work under the influence of harmful factors, and two months before the start of the medical examination it is transferred to a medical institution with which the manager has an agreement to conduct medical check-ups.
- The management of the medical institution, together with the employer, draws up a research schedule and appoints the composition of the commission that carries out the audit. It must be headed by a professional pathologist.
- The Commission determines the types of instrumental and laboratory studies required for the study.
- The employees undergo the prescribed examinations, the results are recorded in a special medical record. In addition, each employee is issued an individual medical opinion on the result of the audit with a conclusion on his suitability. If an employee is diagnosed with occupational disease, then he is sent to the branch or territorial center of occupational pathology.
- The commission makes a generalized conclusion, and it is submitted to the employer, and at the same time to the supervisory authorities.
The features of additional medical examination should also include the location of the examination. So, citizens who have worked for more than five years at a workplace with adverse working conditions must undergo such diagnostics every five years in a licensed center of occupational pathologies.
Extra day for medical examination
President Vladimir Putin not so long ago, in October of this year, signed Law No. 353-FZ, which provides for new guarantees for employees as part of the medical examination. And, starting from the first of January 2019, all employers will have to, on the basis of a written application from a citizen, relieve him of his duties for one day to undergo the required medical examination. For these missed days, a person needs to pay as for spent ones. Many people liked the additional leave for medical examination.
Conclusion
Obviously, the detection of a disease in humans at an early stage is a guarantee of effective treatment. In this regard, additional medical examination among the population seems to be the most reliable way to maintain the health of the whole nation. Citizens themselves are interested in this, as well as their employers and the state as a whole.
Thus, an additional day off for medical examination among the working population is one of the basic sections of the preventive direction of national projects in the healthcare system. The goal of such programs is to strengthen people's health by providing quality affordable medical care in the framework of the efficient use of resources, modern medical and organizational technologies.