Prevention of juvenile delinquency is the responsibility of both parents and the public. To some extent, teachers and educators, employees of law enforcement agencies and government agencies take part in solving the problem. Preventive measures aimed at minimizing crime in the children's environment include many aspects, and it cannot be said that one of them is significantly more significant than all the others. Only joint integrated work with adults will help preserve the future of children and provide our society with a step in development.
general information
Work on the prevention of juvenile delinquency is actively carried out in educational institutions, and measures related to it are developed and proposed by various state authorities. Many schools and colleges have introduced programs of social and pedagogical work with pupils. The ideas of such projects are to prevent and minimize the risk of deviant behavior. Presumably, courses to improve the legal literacy of the population may be of substantial help. In addition, teachers and educators, other adults who have an influence on adolescents, can teach children something useful, interesting, fascinating. Such classes will be for the benefit of the public, at the same time - for the benefit of the individual. Of course, the formation of such hobbies and skills is not an easy task, especially when working with children experiencing a crisis period of puberty, but talented and motivated adults will certainly be able to influence those in need, even if they themselves do not perceive themselves as such.
The prevention of child neglect and juvenile delinquency practiced in educational and educational institutions has a number of differences from the specialized measures introduced by the law enforcement system. It is believed that the best development of the situation is possible if preventive work is started long before the risk of committing an illegal act is formed. We need to interact with children before their behavior turns into a danger to society. You need to understand that the objects in need of prevention are all children, students of all schools. Traditionally, it is assumed that preventive work is required only in institutions located in dangerous places, as well as educating children prone to aggressive behavior. However, experienced people assure: it is necessary to work with everyone, without exception, since there are risks everywhere and always. Every child from childhood should know the legal norms, rules and acceptable boundaries of behavior, possible punishments for their non-compliance, as well as have skills and hobbies interesting enough for him to distract from the forbidden.
Subtleties of the question
Prevention and prevention of juvenile delinquency show the best results if comprehensive work is carried out, including the fight against criminogenic factors. It is necessary to develop ways to neutralize their impact, and if possible, completely eliminate or at least limit the influence of the outside world. The task of those in charge is to replace the influence of criminogenic phenomena with positive aspects. To do this, as experienced educators suggest, it is necessary to build a sense of justice among the younger generation, to help develop skills that are useful to society, and to find suitable interests for themselves. Teachers and educators will be able to help shape the conditions in which a child grows up as a law-abiding person and a worthy citizen of his or her power. Active subjects of the work process are school, family.
Action plans for the prevention of juvenile delinquency are being formed in order to prevent unlawful acts and eliminate the phenomenon of neglect. The task of our society is to influence the development of the situation, if possible, so that there are no street children. There are several main ways to influence the current state of things.
One of the basic approaches is the formation of a legal culture. Adults can help children so that they have a sense of justice. In addition, older comrades are able to contribute to the development of children in the field of morality, intelligence, spirituality and physical condition of the body. It is believed that crime can be minimized if adults are characterized by patriotism and peacefulness, citizenship and responsibility. It is necessary to learn to perceive the minor as a full-fledged personality, and also to explain to the child: his interests are combined with public interests, must fit into the traditional structure. At the same time, it is necessary to give the pupil an idea of world culture and the peculiarities of the nation, so that, using examples, what is considered normal and why.
Additionally, preventive plans usually include measures to interact with parents, which should also be guided by legal norms. It will not be superfluous to organize classes in an individual format with those whose situation is considered as especially dangerous. These must first be identified, and as identified, help is provided. Persons in such a situation need special attention, special training. Educators working with them take on increased responsibility.
How and with whom?
For the prevention of drug addiction and juvenile delinquency to be effective, you need to be able to choose the right target audience for such interaction. Currently, it is most important to conduct preventive measures among not only students, but also their immediate family. It is necessary to involve people responsible for the educational process in the program. Interaction with minors, aimed at increasing legal literacy, involves an individual approach, taking into account the age and nuances of a particular person. So, when interacting with primary school students, it is necessary to instill in general terms an understanding of what constitutes legal behavior, why it is important to follow such a culture.
Interaction with middle-school students should include activities that help children develop personally. It is necessary to practice measures that instill skills that are useful in society. The teenager is gradually mastering the features of communication with other people and must learn to understand correctly how and why others act in one way or another. He needs to develop methods for overcoming conflicts, to learn how to make decisions on his own. Elders can help with this.
An effective juvenile delinquency work plan should include engaging with high school students. The task of adults is to help create values that will be important for life, and also to prevent the involvement of a person in a dangerous sphere. The task of the elders is to instill in the child a sense of responsibility for the perfect.
Versatile issue
An effective plan for the prevention of juvenile delinquency must necessarily include work not only with children, but also with those responsible for the educational process - educators, teachers. It is necessary to increase the level of legal literacy in these circles. For this, the teaching staff should be regularly invited to educational seminars and other events, which explain the most effective and modern ways, means of preventing deviant behavior of minors. In order for educators to influence their audience, it is necessary to have an idea of approaches to building a dialogue, and communication training is another important area of work. It was recommended in each class to organize a preventive program, and to develop one in an individual format in order to take into account all the nuances of a particular team.
Equally important is the prevention of juvenile delinquency in the family. To do this, you need to develop the competence of parents, so that they can more effectively interact with their children. To achieve the best result, you should practice a programmatic targeted approach. The work should be systematized, consistent, differentiated. It is necessary to cover different spheres of life of minors, their parents and carers. To achieve maximum effect, it is necessary to create a positive opinion with parents regarding the prevention program and the importance of its practice. If school initiatives are organized, those should be supported by public structures and state authorities, if they help form a program for the independent development of children. It is necessary to support any activity of target actors - including educators, teachers. Whenever possible, they cover an ever larger audience, regularly analyzing what has been achieved. Responsibility for the analysis can be assigned to class teachers who are provided with assistance for adjusting the current program of mutual work with children.
The nuances of the problem
To ensure that conversations on the prevention of juvenile delinquency are as useful as possible, it is recommended that all representatives of public and educational institutions be advised of all the results of such conversations, as well as the results of other activities as part of the warning program. The course should include parents and other interested citizens. It is recommended to cover any successes as widely as possible through the media, so that the general public know about the importance of the program and the possibility of achieving marked success. If schools, colleges practice preventive measures, their results should be regularly monitored, evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented approaches, in order to adjust those as necessary.
Our country has a law on the prevention of juvenile delinquency. It was adopted as a federal one and published in 1999 under the number 120. This normative act is also devoted to issues of neglect. In work, those responsible for crime prevention should be guided by the provisions of the document. In the law, you can find general recommendations regarding the coordination of activities initiated by different responsible persons.
School and children
The juvenile delinquency prevention program at school has its own complexities and subtleties. Educators and educators are forced to deal with a very difficult task every day: they are expected to learn that it will be through learning from children that their behavior will change and their level of consciousness will increase. Particular attention must be paid, of course, to the risk group. Focused work is something through which you can achieve the desired result, positive progress trends. Anyone who needs pedagogical help should receive it - but this is the ideal situation. In reality, it is worth recognizing that the situation is complicated.
According to experts, so that teachers can work effectively with students, it is necessary to divide interaction with them into several areas, vectors, for each of which to carry out responsible work. It is recommended that the performance features in each of the aspects be recorded in juvenile crime prevention reports. The first step is to identify a risk group, that is, children who have a tendency to violate discipline, to behave outside the norms of society. This includes those who are behind in their studies. Educators who have set themselves the task of preventing unlawful acts must determine why moral and behavioral deviations arise, what are the individual subtleties of a person. Based on this information, they form a work plan aimed at eliminating the root cause and correcting behavioral reactions. It is necessary to determine the goals of influence and means, as well as the stages of work; appoint responsible for each step performers.
Information on changes in the nature of the relationship between minors and carers should be included in the reports of the school for the prevention of juvenile delinquency. It is recommended to involve children in positive social active forms of activity so that those in need of correction feel successful. If possible, family conditions should be influenced - for this, you can use the help of state authorities and social services.
Goals and Challenges
Targeted interaction with the younger generation, discussions on the prevention of juvenile delinquency - such measures allow, if not improve the current situation, then at least keep it under control. At the moment, many believe that the primary task is to exclude an increase in the number of crimes and the number of children involved in such activities. When it is possible to achieve stability in this aspect, we can continue to develop in the direction of reducing the likelihood of such cases. Many pay attention to the problems of age: all the lower is the bar with which unlawful acts begin. There are many reasons for this, and the key one is incorrect parenting. Children who do not receive the necessary care and love of their parents more often commit acts contrary to accepted norms and rules. Therefore, educators, identifying risky families, can more effectively prevent negative social phenomena. Such a task, except for school teachers, cannot be solved by almost anyone. However, professional educators do not always succeed.
The difficulty in preventing juvenile delinquency is that not every family pays enough attention to raising children. There is a justification for this: a difficult financial situation. Some have problems with physical survival. The elders simply do not have enough strength to raise their children, so people unknowingly distance themselves from the younger generation, do not take part in the formation of his personality. Many do not have enough information about what are the features of different ages; others have little idea of the subtleties of their child’s personality. Parenting in many families in our country is practiced literally intuitively, according to experts - blindly. As a result, strong ties between elders and minors are not formed, and external persons become authorities. Very often this place is occupied by persons with negative behavior. The child practically leaves the family, and it does not work to influence his parents, even if such a desire arises.
About terminology
In order to delve deeper into the particular problems of the prevention of juvenile delinquency, one should be guided in the terms used in this area. Consider a few basic ones.
A neglected person is called such a minor citizen whose behavior is not controlled by anyone, since parents do not fulfill their educational duties and do not teach a child, do not contain him. In the absence of parents, it is necessary to evaluate the work of the legal representatives of the citizen. In some cases, analyze the activity of officials appointed as responsible for the person.
A homeless child is such a homeless person who does not have a permanent location of stay or residence.
A child in a dangerous situation is a minor street child or a street child who is forced to exist in an environment that poses risks to his life. This may be harmless to existence, but does not meet the requirements for the maintenance and upbringing of the child. Dangerous conditions are those in which a minor commits acts dangerous or contrary to public morality.
Terms: Continuing Consideration
Prevention of juvenile delinquency involves working with a family whose social status is considered dangerous.This category includes families in which there are minors, whose status allows talking about increased risks. This also includes families in which adults do not fulfill their obligations related to the maintenance, education, and upbringing of children. Seniors can adversely affect children's behavior, and treat the younger generation brutally. This puts the family at risk.
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, , . – , .They can form a negative attitude, bad habits. According to educators and human rights experts, even cigarettes smoked in front of children, obscene phrases greatly affect the psyche. If the family has violence, fights, a tendency to drink alcohol, and the child watches what is happening, he develops a dismissive attitude towards other people, including the opposite sex. Disrespectful communication with elders also lays down patterns of behavior. According to many psychologists, the child is somewhat similar to a sponge that absorbs all life situations and observed moments - equally positive and negative.
Prevention of crimes and delinquencies among minors is carried out taking into account the fact that such unlawful acts are practiced under the influence of a complex external impact on a child associated with the nuances of a particular person. Most offenders are adolescents, who are considered difficult, neglected in matters of upbringing and education. As the studies showed, such are often poorly developed, they do not have interests in the field of knowledge or society. Teenage ideals for such children are often formed at the expense of those around them of their age or a little older, and mainly those whose behavior is contrary to social norms. The personality structure of “difficult” children is largely negative, and aggression, rudeness, and laziness belong to the dominant features. Often these children are not capable of empathy, are indifferent to others, irresponsible and have no will.
The beginning determining the development of the situation
As noted in most juvenile delinquency prevention programs, the most significant condition for a child’s personal development is family conditions. The worse they are, the higher the likelihood that a teenager will become "difficult." Particular risks are associated with those families within which there is no stable moral environment. Children here are growing self-absorbed, they often have other negative personal qualities. For many, morality suffers greatly because of the elders 'addiction to alcohol and narcotic substances, because of the relatives' penchant for immoral acts. There is, however, a different situation: the elders love the child and strive in every way to bring him good, but have no idea how to do it right, so the moral atmosphere is still created unhealthy.
Many juvenile delinquency prevention programs begin with the nuances of working with parents. Specialists urge you to pay special attention to how well older people are aware of the location of the child. You need to be able to control the behavior of your child. A classic example is when you get home. Of course, the educational system is a big problem, and preventing juvenile delinquency looks like a very difficult task, nevertheless, the interaction of parents, teachers and the teenager himself allows for a good outcome. A set of preventive measures, including methodological, social, and pedagogical work, makes it possible to make the environment healthier and to adjust the behavioral reactions of children.
Important factors
For the prevention of crimes and juvenile delinquency to be effective, you must remember: for a child, parents are the primary authority, which means that their behavior is important. Seniors should actively participate in the life of the younger generation, all the time to find opportunities to communicate with their children. You should be guided in the problems of a minor and help him solve them, as well as develop talents and skills of a child. You can’t put pressure on the teenager: the task of the parents is to train the child to make decisions independently. In order to interact better and more productively, you need to have an idea of the main stages of the formation of personality. It is equally important to respect the right of a minor to make their choice and have an opinion.
When attending classroom hours for juvenile delinquency prevention, parents can learn how important it is to be able to restrain themselves in a difficult situation. The ability to treat adolescents as equal, differing only in the volume of life experience is a significant stage in the formation of productive relationships. It is necessary to respect all family members and, if possible, to avoid mistakes, to be able to evaluate what is happening not only from one’s point of view, but also through the eyes of a minor. To reduce the likelihood of delinquency by family members, you need to make it clear that everyone trusts each other. Another important point is the ability to correctly define your goals. If there is any difficulty affecting children's behavior, you need to fight with it, and not with the child.
Relevance of the problem
Although various activities for the prevention of juvenile delinquency are regularly organized by educational institutions, government agencies, law enforcement agencies, the phenomenon has not yet surrendered. Every year in the territory of the capital district alone, several thousand events are held related to this area, a huge number of such events are organized in other parts of the state, and yet many believe that the current activity is not enough.
Unfortunately, the measures for the prevention of juvenile delinquency practiced in our time cannot unfortunately completely solve the problem. A comprehensive approach is needed, a new program that combines law enforcement and educational structures with the institution of the family. Law enforcement officers are not educators, but only people who report on the current problem and draw attention to it, and also help determine what triggered the situation. Some believe that prevention is the responsibility of law enforcement agencies only, others prefer to shift the responsibility to social protection, and others prefer teachers. All these approaches are incorrect and one-sided. The best results will be possible when it is possible to work out effective schemes of mutual work.
The situation is difficult, but fixable
The relevance of holding class hours for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, activities for adults is due to social problems. There are certain positive trends in the life of society in recent years, nevertheless, truly insurmountable difficulties still remain. For effective prevention plans for juvenile delinquency at school, the lack of experience with young parents must be considered. Today, stereotypes of behavioral reactions are violated in our society, and many of them are corny lacking skills for a normal life. This complicates the ability to preserve personality and the formation of an adequate lifestyle. The stress in which minors are forced to exist is too strong, it is simply impossible to cope with it - and this entails negative consequences.
A good juvenile delinquency prevention plan at school should include activities that help educate the individual and make the child independent. It is necessary to train a minor to communicate, to conduct productive disputes, to communicate with other persons, to defend his position, being able to substantiate the point of view. It is important to educate your child about tolerance. The task of adults is to help a minor get rid of negative patterns, to understand the importance of helping others. Prevention of offenses includes assistance training. Undoubtedly, this is a difficult task, and the work requires substantial time investment, effort, as well as the need to form a dialogue with a teenager as talented and creative as possible.