With the advent of the new Federal State Educational Standard (GEF), new requirements arose. One of which is the inclusion of extracurricular activities in the educational process. This was done in order to better adapt yesterday's kindergarten pupil to school.
What happened before? Children went to school, studied in the classroom, then, remaining in
the extended day group, did their homework. In other words, they sat at their desks all day and taught lessons, and most recently their daily routine was completely different; they moved, made noise, went for a walk, and relaxed during daytime sleep. Not every adult is able to withstand such drastic, dramatic changes in his life. It turned out that the child, coming from school, began to "go crazy", and then for a long time could not fall asleep in the evening due to the fact that his nervous system was in an excited state.
To make this transition milder for children, it was decided to include extracurricular activities in the educational process. After school, the child must engage in other activities. It is obliged to provide the necessary
elementary school circles
. GEF requires that every child be busy in all five directions, this:
- spiritual and moral;
- general cultural;
- general intellectual;
- social;
- sports and fitness.
For all five activities, the child's employment should be 10 hours per week.
Who should lead circles in elementary school and how?
Of course, it is difficult for one primary school teacher to cope with such a volume of work. Therefore, it was decided that in schools, primary school teachers write circle classes programs, based not on the same age category of children, but on grades 1 through 4. Thus, one teacher can lead a circle in elementary school for children of different classes, according to the schedule.
In addition, a freelance worker who has a pedagogical education and has developed a program for circle activities can be involved in conducting circle classes. Payment to such an employee is made by the school from its own budget on the basis of an agreement concluded with it.
An employer must remember that you cannot force a person to work in a field of activity about which he has no idea. Otherwise, there will be no sense in such work, and the employee will also be dissatisfied with the current situation.
Incomplete elementary schools
The issue of extracurricular activities for small schools due to the lack of extended-day groups in them could not be resolved for a long time. But there are no problems without a solution, there is a reluctance to solve them. The following solution was proposed on this issue: to conduct circle classes on Saturday, of course, with the permission of the parents and the consent of the employees.
Circle selection
The choice of circles occurs most often at the parent meeting. The teacher lists all the circles in elementary school, and parents, based on the interests of their child, choose the right ones.
In addition, one should not lose sight of the fact that some children can attend additional educational institutions, for example, a music, art or sports school. If so, then they do not need to attend a circle in an elementary school in this area.
Another factor to consider when choosing is medical contraindications. If a child has medical challenges for certain types of activities, parents should write a statement explaining the reasons to the school principal and attach a certificate issued by the medical institution.
In all other cases, the child should attend circles in all directions.
Spiritual and moral direction
Circle work in this area should be aimed at educating an inquisitive, hardworking, moral person who knows the traditions and history of his country. The circles of the spiritual and moral direction can be named as follows: “Young local historians,” “My world is my country.”
General cultural direction
Work with children in this case is aimed at educating the personality of the creator, forming students' needs for self-development and self-improvement. Mugs in elementary school can be as follows:
- choral singing;
- folk dance studio;
- applied craft.
General intellectual direction
Work on general intellectual education is aimed at the development in children of all types of thinking (abstract, deductive, logical, algorithmic). A circle in an elementary school may be called: “Club of Mathematicians”, “Young Researcher”, etc.
Social direction
This is a very important section for education. A circle in an elementary school in this area allows children to learn the correct behavior, courtesy, kind and tolerant attitude towards loved ones, and an assessment of the moral content of situations. The names of the circles can be the following: “Know-it-all”, “Assistants”, “Our life is a theater”.
Perhaps the most interesting and entertaining for children is the
theater club. In elementary school, the guys have not gotten used to playing, and therefore, theater for them, on the one hand, is a common thing, for example, they manage to get used to the image easily, and, on the other hand, learning the text is a little more difficult task, but it gives them a lot of positive emotions. In addition, memorization of the text allows you to train your memory, which ultimately will positively affect the educational process. And speaking to a grateful audience (parents, teachers) instantly raises self-esteem and causes a desire to work on.
Sports and fitness area
Now work in this direction is being conducted intensively, because health problems are manifested in almost every fifth child in Russia. Parents, taking too much care of their child, not knowing it themselves, are indirectly harmful to his health, so children need to attend classes in this direction without fail. No need to be afraid that the child will not withstand physical exertion. The circle in elementary school is precisely a wellness character. The names of the circles are offered as follows: "Sports Games", "Football", "Skiing in winter and summer."
Children's rights when choosing a circle
Each child has the right to choose circles according to his interests and abilities.
Also, the child has the right to move from one circle to another within the group. For example, he may not succeed with football, but he will become the best in skiing. It is important to ensure that children do not run from one circle to another for no good reason.
The work of the circles in elementary school is aimed at developing all aspects of the personality of a small person. Thus, it is possible to find out which abilities the baby has developed more. It is in this area that the teacher works in the future.
Under the GEF program, all schools in Russia began to study in 2011, so it is still too early to say whether this program works. Children who began to study it recently became fifth graders. High school teachers note a great curiosity in children, responsibility for the tasks entrusted to them. The elementary school made a good start thanks to the extracurricular activities of the child.