Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station is located on the Ufa River, near the village of Pavlovka, in the Nurimanovsky district of Bashkiria. It is the largest hydroelectric power station in Bashkortostan. Today's owner of the station is the Bashkir Generation Company. The main task of the Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station is to cover peak loads in the energy system of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In April 2015, the station received the status of the production site of the Priufimskaya CHPP.
History of Pavlovsk Power Station
Approval by the Ministry of Energy of a task for the development of a project for a station on r. Ufa was held on May 9, 1945, the construction of the facility began in 1950. To build the station, the best specialists were involved - hydraulic engineers who worked on the construction sites of the Volga-Don complex, Novosibirsk hydroelectric complex, Dneprostroy and many others. In those years, Pavlovka from a village with 40 inhabitants grew to a large working village with a population of more than 12 thousand people.
The construction of the Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station and its hydroelectric complex took 10 years. The construction was finally completed in 1960, the filling of the reservoir began in 1959 and continued until 1961. The station gave the first current on April 24, 1959, when the 1st hydraulic unit was solemnly launched.
Features and Features
The uniqueness of the Pavlovskaya hydroelectric power station and its reservoir is determined by the complex geological conditions of the area in which they are located. The Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station was the first in Soviet practice to build a dam and a power plant on limestones penetrated by karst voids and cracks. In order not to allow water to bypass the dam and to strengthen hydraulic structures, two adits of 200-meter depth were dug, where many cubic meters of concrete were pumped. Here, for the first time in the USSR, the dam and the premises of the power plant were combined into one structure.
The Pavlovskaya hydroelectric power station consists of 5 main elements:
- a spillway dam of waterproof concrete 41.4 meters high, including the power plant itself;
- left-bank pebble-soil bulk embankment of 20-meter height;
- 43-meter high central alluvial dam with a concrete core, along the crest of which a road crossing was laid;
- single-chamber near-dam ship lock, also performing the role of a spillway;
- outlet channel.
To date, the capacity of the Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station is 201.6 MW, the annual average energy production is 590 million kW / h. In the machine room of the station there are 4 hydraulic units equipped with rotary vane turbines made at the Kharkov Turbine Plant in 1958. The turbines drive three-phase generators with a capacity of 50.4 MW, manufactured at the then Leningrad Electrosila plant in 1957. Station hydraulic units are able to reach full power in 4 minutes from the moment of start-up and completely stop in the same time.
Pavlovsk reservoir
The Pavlovskaya hydroelectric power station facilities create a channel reservoir on the Ufa River with a length of more than 150 kilometers and a maximum width of 1.75 kilometers. The maximum depth of the reservoir is 35 meters, the average is almost 12 meters. The surface area of the reservoir is 116 square meters. kilometers, the total volume is 1.41 cubic meters. kilometers, the normal retaining level is 140 meters. In addition to the rotation of the turbines of the power plant, it supplies drinking water to the cities of Ufa and Blagoveshchensk.
The reservoir regulates daily, weekly and seasonal runoff of the Ufa river with its tributaries. Its filling takes place in the spring and ends in early May. The reservoir incorporates almost 16% of the total spring flow of the river. The accumulated mass of water begins to be used in January, and it is enough until next spring. The average annual fluctuation of the reservoir level is 11 meters.
The ice on the Pavlovsky reservoir is from November to May; at other times, navigation is carried out on it. Mostly, the reservoir serves as a waterway for the delivery of goods to remote areas of Bashkortostan.
Station modernization
The efforts of the Bashkir Generation Company in 1999 began a major modernization of equipment. Thanks to the replacement of the old insulation of stators of generators with thermoactive, the capacity of the units increased from 41.6 to 50.4 MW. The installation of thyristor excitation systems for generators and automatic control of generating equipment added Pavlovskaya hydroelectric power station to one of the most highly automated hydroelectric power plants in Russia.
Work was also carried out to strengthen hydraulic structures. The reconstruction affected the dam and the discharge channel, which increased the stability coefficient of the entire waterworks.
The lifetime of the station, laid down in the project, was 100 years. The changes made during the reconstruction suggest that the Pavlovskaya hydroelectric station now has the opportunity to work one and a half times longer than the planned time frame.