Unfortunately, at various water bodies (from lakes and rivers to seas and oceans), fires occur no less than on land. I must say that extinguishing them in an open water area, as well as eliminating the consequences harmful to the environment, involves the use of special ships - fire ships.
They not only take a direct part in eliminating the fire source, putting out the fire, but also carry out various preventive works. In particular, in relation to offshore oil production facilities. It is fire vessels that help to evacuate people from injured watercraft and save the victims from the accident.
Firefighting in water areas is carried out by a wide variety of vessels - from high-speed small boats to large ships. We will get acquainted with the main ones directly applied by the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation in this article.
Definition
A fire vessel may be a ship, boat or motor boat used to solve tasks that are performed by fire services. The main purpose of such vessels is to provide emergency assistance to both swimming facilities and coastal facilities, offshore drilling rigs and so on.
One of the important characteristics of such vessels is their increased maneuverability for a faster and more accurate approach to the damaged object. It is provided with powerful thrusters. As for the ships built in recent years, this is achieved by special systems of dynamic positioning.
Classification
Fire vessels can be divided into the following main categories:
- Specific. They have on board large-sized powerful fire-fighting equipment, which does not allow the use of such craft for other purposes.
- Combined. The group includes those port and fire tugs on which fire equipment is installed that does not reduce the effectiveness of their towing properties even when used for other purposes.
Also, fire vessels can be represented in the classification by navigation area:
- River.
- Marine.
- Combined type "river-sea" (mainly, such floating means are used in large river channels).
Important Features
Fire safety on ships is not always ensured properly. Therefore, in the event of an emergency, it is sometimes necessary to use special ships, boats, and boats. All of these firefighting boats must comply with the following minimum set of characteristics:
- Roadability. The vessel must develop in the required time period and maintain a certain speed in the direction of travel, which is set for it earlier.
- Unsinkability. Filling even several compartments of such a vessel with water should not affect its balance or performance.
- Autonomy. The characteristic indicates what period of time the vessel can do without additional replenishment of its reserves of water, food, fuel and any materials.
- Controllability. The ability of this craft to instantly respond to a change in the position of its steering wheel.
- Stability. This is the name of the ability of the court to maintain equilibrium when exposed to all kinds of external forces.
If the fire safety requirements on the ships were violated, and an emergency occurred, fire boats are sent to its location. We will get acquainted with some of them that are directly used by the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation.
MARS Project 14613
Such vessels are auxiliary vehicles in case of emergency on the water. As a rule, they consist of the following elements:
- Housing with the necessary add-ons.
- Pumps
- Irrigation systems.
- Water communications.
- Silt installations.
So that the hull of such a vessel does not suffer during the fire extinguishing, special water curtains are used. This is the necessary protection around the perimeter. Therefore, the case is characterized by enhanced water resistance.
To eliminate fire, 2-4 pumps are installed. They function thanks to the operation of special engines. Sometimes their work can be provided by running engines.
Fire equipment here can be very different - it all depends on the type of vessel. But, at a minimum, there should be two fire monitors.
"Colonel Chernyshev"
If a fire alarm has triggered on ships, the Colonel Chernyshev ship may be sent to help these watercraft.
Its main features:
- Movement at waves 2 m high.
- Movement with an ice thickness of 10-15 cm.
- Cruising range: 1400 km.
- Speed: 30 km / h.
Regarding the fire-fighting characteristics of the vessel:
- 8 fire hoses.
- The average jet length is 120 m.
- 4 pumps.
- 3 trunks.
- 3 fire monitors.
- One boat on board.
- 1 tap.
- 4 foam generators on board.
Able to effectively participate in the elimination of fires during a storm up to 4 points. There is a fire protection system: a water curtain and a system for distillation of oil films. Therefore, the ship can extinguish all kinds of fires, including ignition of oil and gas raw materials and electrical equipment.
For extinguishing both foam and water are used. For especially dangerous fires, a water gun is used. She is able to extinguish the fire at a great distance (up to 130-140 m).
For rescue operations, the vessel is equipped with special boats and vests. A bow thruster helps to maneuver, keep the craft in the fire zone. Burning ships are transported using a special electric crane that can hold a load weighing up to 1 t.
"Hope"
Fire alarm systems on ships are not always effective. This leads to the need for special watercraft. One of them, used by the Ministry of Emergencies, is the ship Nadezhda. Its characteristics:
- The operational readiness area of the facility is 82 km.
- On the ship there may be a change of rescuers of 7 people. The total crew is up to 28 people.
- The case is sheathed with a layer of steel 4 mm thick. The deck is sheathed with sheets of steel 3 mm thick.
- To give the movement "Hope" water-jet engines are used.
And now let's dwell on the fire characteristics:
- 4 pumps.
- The length of the hose line is up to 1.5 km.
- The length of the jet ejected is up to 70 m.
- 7 foam generators.
- 3 fire monitors.
- 2 powerful engines.
KS-110-39
We examined what kind of fire systems there are on ships that are distinguished by their large size. In addition to them, relatively small fire boats on rivers and lakes are also used. According to the existing sanitary standards, they are not allowed permanent residence, crew accommodation and rescuers.
The most common model today is a steel water jet boat of the type KS-110-39. This fire-rescue small-sitting boat is designed to extinguish fires both on boats and on the coastline. It is equipped with a water-jet engine, it is also intended for rescue and emergency operations on rivers and in small reservoirs.
Denote the characteristics:
- Maximum speed - 22 km / h.
- Battle crew - 6 people.
- 2 tanks of 1000 l each, designed for foaming.
- The length of the knocked out solid water stream is 80 m.
The boat is used in the following cases:
- The need to supply water through the gun barrel from the reservoir to the ignition site.
- Fast delivery to the place of emergency combat crews, replenishment materials and equipment, equipment, supplies of extinguishing substances.
- The implementation of the delivery of foam from stationary regular foam tanks.
Such a boat can cover distances of up to 300 m. Its fire pump operates continuously for 6 hours. A protective on-board system is installed on the boat itself. The gun barrel, which is part of the fire fighting unit, can be remotely controlled here.
Other boats
The decision of the fire safety courts must be responsible. Since extinguishing the source of fire here is a more complicated matter than with a ground-based emergency. In addition to the above, the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation also uses the following fire rescue boats:
- "Squid 65 T".
- "Killer whale".
- "Master".
- The Stinger.
- "Mars 700" (special hovercraft).
All these boats are also necessarily equipped with fire extinguishers, axes, a special blanket and crowbar. A winch with a rope 30 m long is intended for going aground. Similar boats can also be transported by land vehicles - cars, trains.
In certain cases, a system designed for volumetric fire extinguishing is launched. All boats are equipped with portable radios. They are powered from the ship's network through special power supplies. Radio equipment works from an external antenna, is a station.
Amphibious ship
The Supreme Court ruling on fire safety is strictly required to follow on the territory of the Russian Federation. As for water bodies, here it is provided by the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation. The next tool he used was the fire-rescue amphibious ship Poseidon, an air-cushion.
This is a universal transport vehicle designed to solve specific tasks for emergency response:
- Fire fighting on water bodies.
- Diving and underwater inspection.
- The salvation of drowning people on ice.
- Delivery of special equipment to emergency situations.
The ship can be used all year round. It moves on such surfaces as water, shoals, sand, ice. It can be controlled by one captain. There are 6-10 people on board.
Its important advantage is the presence of replaceable modules. Removing and moving them, you can quickly change the specialization of the vessel - to fire, rescue, diving and so on.
Aero boats
Description of the amphibian "Piranha":
- Speed: up to 100 km / h.
- Crew: 6-8 people.
- Cargo on board: up to 1.5 tons.
- Power: 265 hp
- Cross: moves equally well on ice, reeds, water, marshy terrain.
The boat is intended both for the delivery of rescuers to the emergency situation, and for the evacuation of victims.
We examined the main fire rescue equipment used by the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation. Each of them, as you have seen, stands out for its specific, specific characteristics.