The rehabilitation potential of a disabled person is a characteristic of the biological, energy state of the body, from which it follows how effectively the various organs and systems that are important in the rehabilitation process function. Evaluated in terms of both biology, anatomy, and medical science. The concept is complex, has several significant aspects. We will analyze them in more detail.
What is it about?
Assessing the rehabilitation potential of a person, doctors pay attention to the genetic prerequisites and specific constitutional features that determine the capabilities of a particular organism. From them, a conclusion can be drawn about the hereditary factor and its effect on the state of health. Attention is paid to gender, age characteristics, some features of the structure and functioning of the body.
Assessing the rehabilitation potential requires an analysis of the opportunities available to the medical department, including the qualifications of the working staff and the availability of equipment, technical support of the work process. Having examined these factors, we can reasonably conclude what exactly will help in a particular case within the framework of biological, medical, and rehabilitation aspects. This assessment must be carried out taking into account the specific features of a particular case. It is impossible to deduce the standard level that applies to all individuals currently undergoing rehabilitation.
What else is important?
Psychological rehabilitation potential is a parameter for the identification of which a full analysis of the characteristics of a particular patient should be carried out. In this case, increased attention is paid to mental processes. They check the work of memory and the ability to focus, reveal the intensity of thought processes, emotional state and its dynamics. When evaluating the potential, it is equally important to study the personality of the patient, determine what type of temperament is inherent in him, and build communication with the patient on this basis. You need to know the nature of the patient, the level of his intellectual development. In many respects, the success of rehabilitation is determined by the presence of motivation, which qualified doctors can support and stimulate.
The level of rehabilitation potential is determined by the internal modeling of the disease. This term is used to denote the patient's understanding of his condition, the person’s ideas about the nature of the problem and possible predictions for the near and distant future. The potential also depends on the medical aspects - features of a particular treatment program, including its volume and duration. The higher the quality of medical care, the greater will be the potential of the individual. When forecasting the situation, it makes sense to evaluate the biological and social aspects, as well as pay attention to the level of functioning of compensatory mechanisms. A comprehensive study of the situation allows you to accurately determine the potential of the patient and find ways to implement it, and if necessary, increase.
Inside and outside
Modern scales of rehabilitation potential oblige to pay equal attention to both personal characteristics of a person, specific features of his body, and social environment. At the same time, it is taken into account that the presence of a defect, pathology does not exclude an individual from the social environment, which forms an additional rehabilitation field, which is associated specifically with others and their influence on the personality.
A correct definition of the rehabilitation potential requires a comprehensive analysis of the public attitude and assessment of the opinion on rehabilitation promoted by the community. They take into account both the influence of the local local society surrounding the person undergoing rehabilitation, and human society as a whole. When assessing the capabilities of an individual, it is important to comprehensively analyze all factors that influence the situation in order to build the most effective program taking into account the individual aspects of the current situation.
Social environment
A full, comprehensive definition of the rehabilitation potential makes it necessary to analyze the microscopic society surrounding the individual undergoing rehabilitation therapy. They talk about the so-called rehabilitation orientation. Attention is paid to the close relatives of the patient and the presence of a support group related to common interests, as well as to the environment at the workplace, school, if any, in the person’s life.
Identifying the capabilities of a particular person requires evaluating the characteristics of the patient in comparison with the representations of the reference group. This is especially true when the rehabilitation potential and the rehabilitation prognosis are formulated in relation to suffering mental, nervous deviations. Based on a full-fledged analysis, it is possible to determine the possibility of rehabilitation in a social, labor, and professional environment, and analyze the prospects for integration into a certain social group.
What do they say around?
Human consciousness is quite heavily influenced by public opinion. Doctors, formulating the rehabilitation potential and the rehabilitation prognosis, must take this aspect into account. Often, the individual's ideas about his future opportunities are dictated by prevailing stereotypes, established opinion. If the society approves and accepts the current situation, allows for rehabilitation and is sympathetic to people who have successfully passed it, this creates additional motivation for a particular person.
At the same time, such a situation is possible when the public has a negative attitude towards the disease and the rehabilitation program, denying the probability of an individual returning his former social status to himself. This significantly reduces the ability of doctors and reduces the motivation of the person himself, complicates the recovery program. It should be understood that the rehabilitation potential cannot be made completely independent of public opinion, but measures can be taken to mitigate the negative impact of this factor if, for a particular situation, the motivation formed by society is negative. Otherwise, the opposite approach is necessary - the active handling of postulates approved by public opinion to motivate the individual.
We evaluate: how to approach the task? About the rules
The identification of rehabilitation potential involves a full assessment of three aspects of human activity:
The legal, social potential of rehabilitation is summarized in a legal assessment of the possibilities and future of an individual undergoing a rehabilitation program. In this case, the potential is not applied to a specific person, but society is analyzed as a single object, an organism. Attention is paid to the extent to which social, legal, legal standards, instructions that are subordinate to the laws and designed to protect the rights of patients, including those who have been granted disability status, are successfully formulated, applied in practice.
In our country, there are a number of special standards designed to protect the rights of people suffering from mental disorders, the nervous system. Not all of them actually work in practice, and the assessment of potential should be made taking into account the real state of affairs, and not the official one prescribed in the papers.
Technique and morality
Assessing the rehabilitation potential, doctors always pay attention to the social possibilities of helping a person undergoing a rehabilitation program. What types of support can the community provide? What equipment, scientific developments, economic social programs exist to increase the capabilities of a particular person? A comprehensive analysis of these aspects allows you to get the most accurate picture of the success of the planned rehabilitation course.
Public moral low rehabilitation potential is a situation where the patient does not feel moral support from the outside world. On the contrary, the high provides excellent opportunities for those who struggle with the approval of the community with their diseases, problems that do not cause censure in society.
Actual problem
It so happened that at present a rather low level of support for those who are recovering from addictions is being treated for mental disorders. Specialists draw attention to this fact, noting the unacceptability of such “double standards”, since absolutely all people who are forced to deal with significant difficulties, including those under the medical and rehabilitation program, need micro- and macro-social support.
When assessing the influence of ethical factors, they pay attention to the specifics of the reference group, analyze society as a single object, revealing the attitude of these groups to the activities of a person undergoing restoration. It is believed that adjusting, if possible, the social situation, as well as promoting a more favorable social policy for people with disabilities, will increase the potential of those undergoing rehabilitation programs in the present and in the future. Unfortunately, the ability of doctors these days is significantly limited.
Continuing the analysis of the situation
When it was possible to identify specific features of a particular situation in the context of the above aspects, it is necessary to further evaluate the patient's condition. For this, a special scale of four points is used: high, medium, slightly below average and the lowest. Separately, assessments are made in relation to a specific situation for the patient himself as a person, his body (physiological, biological features are analyzed), community. Summing up the obtained data, the final value is fixed in the patient card. In the future, they repel him when choosing programs and approaches.
In order to draw up an optimal restoration project and plan the success of its implementation, in addition to the indicated points system, it is also necessary to make a clinical, functional diagnosis and formulate the person’s social capabilities, analyze his future taking into account his mental state. Only such an integrated approach with emphasis on all significant functions provides a sufficient amount of information for high-quality work with the patient.
Special occasion
For many parents, it is important to know whether the assessment of the rehabilitation potential of a child with some distinctive features relative to adult patients is performed. As experts note, formally, the approach itself is exactly the same as with any other individual. In this case, the rehabilitation program is compiled taking into account the person’s age, which is paid attention to at the stage of assessing opportunities, motivation forces in a particular case.
At the same time, in relation to children, a scale with points is compiled in exactly the same way, according to which a person’s condition is assessed, and a public relation is formulated. It is important to remember the unformed mind in childhood - this imposes certain restrictions, often complicating the situation. A society of a microscopic scale, that is, support of close relatives, is more important.
Stroke: Features
Identifying the potential for victims of this condition is rather complicated, in many respects the success of the recovery program is determined by the experience of the doctor helping the patient to get through it. Neuroplasticity in each case has specific features, many restructuring of functions is also unique, therefore it is impossible to create one common universal program for the entire list of patients.
According to experts, even in a situation where the foci of damage coincide, the reaction of the body and changes in the features of life can differ very significantly. This also applies to the size of the damaged area of the brain. To determine the capabilities of the recovery program, it is necessary to analyze individual characteristics and identify all recovery predictors.
Prognostic factors: lesion focus
The abundance of foci often has a severe impact on a person, but doctors still do not have specific exact information on the significance of this factor, since there are not enough technical and scientific tools to correctly study the situation. It is known that small additional foci complicate the rehabilitation program, especially if they formed in the brain areas of the motor cortex, paths. This is more true for the ipsilateral hemisphere.
Difficulties in rehabilitation will be experienced by patients in whom a stroke manifested itself as extensive damage to one part of the brain and was accompanied by minor lesions of the frontal, temporal, parietal lobe of the hemisphere on the right. At the time of diagnosing the situation, this can be noted by the patient's apathy, hypokinesia, and aspontality.
What else is affecting?
A specific approach to building a rehabilitation program is required if the stroke was accompanied by symptoms of discirculatory encephalopathy. This applies to both typical clinical manifestations and neuroimaging signs. Deterioration of the prognosis is associated with symptoms of hypnosis. Some patients experience a decrease in intelligence, the ability to work, and to concentrate. It also worsens rehabilitation forecasts.
The ability to speak correctly after a stroke can be significantly hampered by the presence of additional lesions in the areas of the brain responsible for speech. Complicating the situation is the defeat of the dominant hemisphere in the area of formations under the cortical layer, as well as areas located near those responsible for speech.