Today in the Russian Federation there are a large number of law enforcement agencies that ensure the rule of law, protect human rights and freedoms, implement public policies, etc. All these bodies are evidence of the crucial importance of public service. But the fulfillment of the functions of the state can be carried out in completely different forms. For example, the police of the Russian Federation ensure the rule of law, and the judiciary is responsible for justice. Thus, state activity penetrates into many spheres of human life and at the same time is controlled by various official structures. It should be noted that on the territory of the Russian Federation, in addition to the well-known prosecutor's office, the FSB and the police, there are a number of specific bodies. Some of them belong to the executive branch of government and are responsible for the implementation of state policy in a particular sector. Such structures include the Federal Bailiff Service. This body has specific tasks and functions, and also regulates relations in the sphere of execution of acts of justice departments.
Federal Bailiff Service
FSSP is an executive body functioning in the Russian Federation today. The extensive structure of his tasks includes, first of all, the enforcement of judicial acts. The body is part of the Ministry of Justice. The FSSP leads its history from the once-existing Department of Bailiffs, abolished in 1998. The director of the service today is Arthur Parfenchikov. It is worth noting separately the interesting structure, which is famous for the federal bailiff service. Moscow in this case has a separate territorial body, but this will be discussed later in the article.
In most cases, the term “bailiff” or “federal bailiff” is applied to the employees of the body. The first concept was used in relation to bailiffs in the Russian Federation until 1998, as well as to representatives of foreign bodies of a similar functional orientation.
Bailiff: concept
The entire FSSP system is built on the public service of certain individuals. These are the bailiffs, that is, officials responsible for the enforcement of decisions of the judiciary. It is worth noting that such bodies exist in many foreign countries. For example, functions similar to those of bailiffs are performed by US marshals.
Federal Bailiff Service: History of Formation
The development of the FSSP began in ancient Russia. In those days, vigilantes who collected tributes and also performed some judicial functions acted as an analogue of bailiffs. The fact that conscription was not clearly regulated did not limit the old Russian performers in the process of applying certain measures of influence. As we understand it, the most popular method of control and influence in those days was violence. Nevertheless, Russian Pravda substantially streamlined the lawsuit. In addition to this, a legal regime has emerged for regulating the activities of swordsmen and combatants who performed the role of performers.
A significant development of the field of activity mentioned in the article begins in the 19th century. The main impetus for evolution was such regulatory acts as the “Charter on the punishments imposed by the justice of the peace”, “The establishment of judicial institutions” and the “Charter of criminal proceedings”. According to the legal acts, the bailiff position was introduced in the relevant regulatory districts. Their activities were under strict control. In this case, the supervisor directly was the court at which the bailiffs worked.
During the period of the existence of the Soviet Union, the service of performers was actually liquidated. Certain employees of these institutions were responsible for implementing court decisions. The federal bailiff service was revived in 1997 after the actual adoption of the relevant legislative framework.
The regulatory framework of the FSSP
No government activity can be carried out outside the legal framework. That is, each federal bailiff uses the norms of certain legal acts in his work. To date, the regulatory framework of the FSSP is a hierarchical structure, which includes the following documents, namely:
- The Constitution of the Russian Federation;
- Federal Law "On Bailiffs";
- Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”;
- Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia “On the Establishment of an Instruction for Clerical Work in the Federal Service of Bailiffs”, etc.
The presented regulatory acts regulate the most important issues of the FSSP. Of course, there are other official documents, the norms of which are directly used in the work of bailiffs.
Objectives of the FSSP
Each federal bailiff and the entire service as a whole carry out a number of specific tasks. These areas directly show the functionality and, of course, the legal framework of the FSSP. To date, there are four main tasks of the service.
1) Ensuring the normal functioning of the courts of the Russian Federation.
2) Actual execution of acts of courts of general jurisdiction, arbitration and other instances, if they are provided for by the current legislation on the production of an executive nature.
3) Implementation of legislation on criminal matters.
4) Coordination and management of the territorial bodies of the Federal Service of Bailiffs of the Russian Federation.
Thus, the activities of the performers of the Russian Federation are in the tasks presented.
Types of bailiffs
The federal bailiff is a broad concept that characterizes several types of employees. The classification of the representatives of the FSSP can be carried out on the basis of their duties. In accordance with this, federal bailiffs are divided into two types.
1) The first category includes employees who are engaged in ensuring the activities of the courts.
2) The second type is directly the executors who are responsible for the implementation of judicial acts and acts of other organizations provided for by law.
Thus, the federal service of executive bailiffs is engaged in the implementation of a large number of issues. To do this, the state department provides employees with different functional responsibilities.
Legal regime of the federal bailiff
The activities of any public servant are regulated by certain standards. They, in turn, create a legal regime. The federal bailiff in this case is no exception. It, as the smallest link in the executive branch, can be characterized from different perspectives. Firstly, bailiffs are civil servants. That is, they are subject to the general legislation on the activities of state bodies. In addition, bailiffs can only be citizens of the Russian Federation, who at the time of enrollment in the body of the body turned 21 years old.
An important factor is education. In this case, there are certain distinctions. For example, regular employees must have a full secondary or vocational education. Deputy heads of departments, deputy senior bailiffs, heads of departments and bailiffs need a legal education. Moreover, each candidate for the service must have certain moral, business qualities, as well as sufficient health for the service.
Bailiff Powers
There are a number of specific actions that bailiffs carry out in the process of their work. According to the current legislation, they are endowed with the following powers, for example:
- ensure the operation of the courts;
- implement executive production;
- keep property that was seized;
- participate in the process of execution of decisions of labor dispute commissions;
- to carry out inquiries and proceedings on administrative matters within the limits of their direct jurisdiction.
Thus, any federal department of judicial bailiffs and its employees are endowed with the presented rights, which are provided for by the current regulatory acts of the Russian Federation. These powers allow performers to better implement all the tasks assigned to them.
FSSP structure
The internal system of the federal bailiff service is quite simple. It consists of three main steps.
1) In the structure of the central apparatus there are separate departments and divisions, a director and his deputies.
2) The next step in the hierarchy is the territorial bodies. In other words, each city and district has its own federal bailiffs. Moscow is a city of federal significance, therefore a separate body functions in it. That is, the department has a special legal status. In other cases, the department of federal bailiffs extends its jurisdiction to the territory of the whole region.
3) The structure of the FSSP also includes subordinate organizations. A similar organization is the sanatorium "Green Valley".
Conclusion
So, we tried to find out what federal bailiffs are. You can find out the debt on your loans on the official website of this department at any time. But, as we understand, it is better not to become an object of interest for bailiffs, because they know their work.