Organization of production activities at the enterprise is a key factor that determines competitiveness in the market. The production process can be organized at the enterprise in various ways.
Regardless of the type of production enterprise, it consists of various units. Their general structure is a combination of various divisions and departments, including production (workshops, sections, etc.), management departments and service services that take part in the production process.
All production departments in accordance with the direction of activity are conditionally divided into three groups:
- the main ones;
- auxiliary;
- auxiliary.
The types of organization of production comprehensively characterize the features of the organization and technical equipment of the enterprise. Like the forms and methods of organization of production, the types of organization of production serve for a more accurate classification. They differ in the characteristics of the range of products, regularity, stability of volumes of products, type and features of the equipment used, the duration of production processes, the complexity of the production process.
It is clear that there can be many features of production. However, to unify the classification in economic practice and management, four types of production are distinguished:
- single;
- serial;
- mass;
- mixed type.
Analysis of the level of organization of production for this classification puts in first place the volume of manufactured products. The types of organization of production characterize the enterprise according to the possibilities of loading production capacities.
A single production is characterized by a piece production of a variety of products, which are often in extremely limited demand or a narrow number of potential buyers for this type of product. For example, the production of space equipment is limited and manufactured in small quantities. This is due to the fact that this type of product does not have mass demand, and secondly, it is very expensive. Orders for such products are carried out mainly on the basis of a state order in accordance with the need for scientific institutions or by order of multinational companies. One of the varieties of this type is individual production. This production is formed for the manufacture of products on the basis of an individual order.
In mass production, a wide range of products is manufactured in certain series. Simply put, this is the release of certain products that are manufactured for a long time at intervals depending on stock availability or on the basis of orders received.
Mass production is characterized by a short production period, a limited range and a high degree of homogeneity of manufactured goods in very large volumes. Such production is characteristic of consumer goods and is designed for a wide range of customers, and is aimed at meeting the demand of society. This type of production is characteristic of the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other similar industries. The production volumes of such types of goods are associated with a constant demand for them.
A mixed type of production is characterized by a combination of large-scale production of products and mass production in order to maximize the proximity of manufactured products to potential consumers by meeting a certain demand.
As you can see, the types of organization of production help to see a more complete picture of the organization of production activity.