Kindergarten is a place where happy parents happily lead their child for new knowledge and skills, new acquaintances with peers and educators, new impressions and emotions. Here, the baby learns the world outside the circle of his loved ones, while the parents work for the good of the family at work and may not worry about how the pastime of their growing lump of happiness goes. At different stages of preschool development, children go through different educational moments. And an important aspect in their growing up and upbringing is the conduct of individual work in the middle group by qualified teachers. How do they go? How are they planned and organized? What are the features of such work?
Goals
A visit to a kindergarten by children is an integral part of their psychological and moral development. At this moment, the child learns the world surrounded by a very important group of people - peers. And if the role of the educator can be perfectly replaced by mother, in the case, of course, if she has time for this and is relieved of work, then toys and game devices that surround him at home will not be able to replace communication with kids of the same age. Therefore, it is not worth belittling the importance and importance of a child attending a kindergarten: it is impossible to ignore the child’s environment in this period. Moms who, for some individual reasons and preferences, do not want to send their children to kindergarten, it is worth taking a note of this and taking into account the needs of their babies, putting their priorities above their own.
As you know, the middle group involves the education of children aged 4-5 years. Individual work with children in the middle group involves a lot of various development directions. What are the goals and objectives facing educators in the process of teaching and instilling in children new skills and abilities during this period?
- Maintaining the health of babies, hardening and improving the functions of their body.
- Enhancing independent motor and creative activity.
- The formation of skills in the correct orientation of the motor apparatus - involves monitoring the posture of children in any movement, as well as the cultivation of cultural and hygienic skills.
- The development of observation and curiosity in children is carried out through acquaintance with various objects, with their color, shape, size, as well as with other phenomena of life and nature. At this moment, the guys learn to compare different things on these grounds, as well as group them and be able to establish simple connections between them.
- Education of love for the father’s home, for the homeland, for the kindergarten, for the native land.
- Deepening work in terms of enriching and clarifying vocabulary, improving conversational culture, as well as helping to actively participate in a conversation on a certain topic, compiling stories based on contemplated images, toys or personal experience.
- The development in children of the concept of multitude - a group of various objects, as a whole, consisting of parts.
- Teaching children to count to five - provides for the formation of their ideas about equalities and inequalities, based on the ability to count and compare the number of objects.
- Inoculating children with interest in all kinds of games, motivation for active movement, the ability to choose a specific game.
- Teaching children to follow the rules of behavior during the game.
- The first acquaintance with existing professions on the example of their near and dear ones, with emphasis on the importance of their work, as well as the improvement of children's own ability to work against this background.
- The education in the children of diligence, the desire to bring their actions to some kind of result, to participate in collective work, to understand what this work is done for.
- Moral work with kids - the education in them of such qualities as goodwill, justice, modesty.
- Inoculation of respect for objects, things, books, toys.
- Acquaintance with the aesthetic perception of the environment, the development of moral and aesthetic feelings due to communication with nature, in everyday life, in all kinds of games.
- Formation in children of understanding of what the author wants to show in his work - in music, in singing, in art, in a story.
- Raising interest in creativity - conducting various classes in drawing, performances with role participation, organization of work with modeling from plasticine, teaching expressive reading of poems, movements to music and more.
- Familiarization of children with cultural values ​​and the formation of their experience of social communication with others.
In a word, individual work with children in the middle group involves a wide range of tasks for educators to inculcate in children the basics of perceiving the world and learning new skills.
File cabinet with goals
In addition to global target areas, in the activities of the educational staff of the kindergarten there are also private, so to speak, daily. They are drawn up in the so-called card index with goals in the individual work of the middle group, as, in fact, the eldest, and the younger, and preparatory. This is a kind of document of a preschool educational institution in which specialists of the educational process paint a plan of didactic and active games with children developing their brain and physical activity. It includes a list of game tasks of a specific orientation. The name of the game, the goal, the course of the game and the equipment necessary for its execution, if any, are present in the contents of the file cabinet, if any is present according to its conditions.
Card indexes of individual work in the middle group tend to be divided into thematic, erudite and subject areas. The basis of such educational procedures is the following file cabinet options with tasks:
- didactic games on speech development;
- didactic games for cognitive development;
- game tasks aimed at physical development;
- game tasks for social and communicative development;
- games on artistic and aesthetic development;
- summer walks in the garden.
Each of the listed file cabinets pursues the fulfillment of specific goals in the individual work of the middle group of the kindergarten. They are very important in the overall complex of educational activities for preschool children and are provided for by the federal state educational standard (GEF).
Career planning in accordance with GEF
Federal state educational standards extend their activities to all levels of the educational process, starting from kindergarten and ending with a higher educational institution. The need to follow generally established standards is due to the fact that all educational and training work should be carried out by qualified educators, teachers, teachers according to a single principle established by applicable law. Specially designed for each stage of cognition and enlightenment, planned work in a set of activities with specific areas and terms of their implementation form the planning of the educational process for the future. Accordingly, pre-school educational institutions are no exception, and individual work with the middle group on GEF also has its own peculiarities of planning the work of educators.
On the basis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education, the work program of the educational collegium is being developed, which is aimed at:
- planning of social and communicative development - assumes that children of the middle group are subjected to daily activities, including instilling in them an understanding that they are part of the world around them;
- cognitive planning - defines the list of educational programs aimed at children learning objects and natural phenomena, as well as the formation of children's attitudes towards them;
- speech development planning - provides specific tasks for children that contribute to improving their speech apparatus and replenishing vocabulary;
- artistic and aesthetic planning - contributes to instilling in children love and interest in art and creativity;
- physical development planning - occupies a special place in the comprehensive program for teaching children in the training of their coordination and flexibility.
Something like this is how individual work planning is organized in the middle group. Any preschool educational institution is subordinate to departmental centralized representations that monitor the strict follow-up of teachers by the officially established federal standard program for preschool education of children. The unified system of the planned educational process works in the established format throughout the Russian Federation to simulate the general system of preschool education.
Work by area
Based on the target priorities and following the standards of the Federal State Educational Standard, individual work in the middle group of the kindergarten provides for a rather wide-ranging range of activities for educators. It is impossible to single out any one specific focus, because children should develop comprehensively. In view of this, the distribution of individual works of the middle group by regions is provided. What does each individual area imply? This refers to a separate segment of the educational process, which is aimed at securing by teachers a specific skill, ability, development of a certain ability in children of the middle group. Individual work in areas includes a lot of branches of the educational process.
1. The field of social and communicative development:
- individual tutoring with the child in private;
- joint activities of adults and children through productions, sketches, dramatization of specific situations;
- the conversation of the teacher with the children;
- educational excursions;
- generalized trainings;
- reading fiction;
- observation of phenomena;
- joint child labor;
- role-playing games.
2. The field of cognitive development:
- the formation of elementary mathematical representations;
- interactive experimentation;
- organization of a fun and resourceful club;
- quick-witted games;
- didactic classes;
- broadening the horizons;
- research activities;
- interactive design;
- modeling situations;
- work in the corner of nature.
3. The area of ​​speech development:
- conversations between children and with carers;
- reading related books;
- retelling of episodes;
- memorization of poems;
- stage productions;
- round dance games;
- creative activities;
- group role-playing games;
- speaking and re-speaking;
- theatrical dramatization;
- directorial plays;
- outdoor games with text.
4. The field of artistic and aesthetic development:
- classes in fine arts;
- music lessons;
- classes with singing;
- modeling from plasticine;
- all kinds of design;
- modeling of crafts;
- registration of applications;
- dance and play creativity;
- stage concerts in assembly halls;
- games for festive morning performances and concert programs.
5. Field of physical development:
- ball games;
- classes with a skipping rope;
- hoop exercises;
- power and agility games;
- coordination exercises and spatial orientation;
- morning gymnastics;
- hardening procedures;
- physical education;
- sport competitions;
- exercise on the walk;
- sports clubs and sections.
So, in the middle group, individual work in areas includes various tasks, exercises, tasks and games, which provide for a specific focus on the specific direction of development of the kids.
Fine art work
Classes of a creative nature occupy a special place in the educational sphere of preschool educational institutions. Children are maximally intelligible and convenient for their perception due to one or another regularity due to the visualization of objects and their reflection on paper using drawing. So, a considerable amount of time is allocated to individual work on fine arts in the middle group. For this, teachers in kindergartens develop file cabinets of didactic drawing games in different groups, including the middle one. What are the main activities and exercises that characterize the organizational aspects of educating children in love and interest in the visual arts?
1) Work with cards - is the most common option for visualizing objects and the didactic method for children to learn the colors, shades, shapes of various things depicted in cards handed out by the teacher. The children learn to distinguish between warm and cold shades, see the transition from darker to lighter, mix two colors of paint and get a third, distinguish circles from squares on rectanged cards, rectangles from ovals, divide them into large and small in size.
2) Work with templates - involves the use of various, ready-made drawing elements that children are invited to put together in the right way. These can be separate parts of the face that need to be laid out on a sheet of paper with an oval drawn in advance, or elements of nature that need to be collected in such a way on a separate sheet so that it is organic and matches the possible landscape.
3) Work with coloring books - enables children to show their artistic abilities in terms of choosing the right combination of colors, will in expressing thoughts on paper. Often manifested in variations of pictures, where you need to paint, for example, a nesting doll or choose clothes for figures of men.
4) Work with visualization - involves mainly the teacher's submission of a task for children, manifested in the ability to depict the time of the year as they imagine it. Such classes involve the development of associative thinking in children: what they associate with, for example, autumn, they depict foliage, trees, clouds, rain in their drawing.
Individual work in the middle group in fine arts is important enough to develop children's imagination and deepen creative skills in this area. They provide for the formation of sensory abilities, focused analytical and synthetic perceptions, generalized ideas about phenomena and objects, about techniques and methods of depicting various types of visual creative activity, about the ability to create and transform objects in drawings.
FIZO works
Physical education plays an equally important role in the development of children, raising children in love and craving for sports, physical activity, a healthy lifestyle. Individual work in the middle group on FIZO (physical education), of course, is not aimed at the processes of mental and moral enlightenment, but rather at the physiological development of babies. They not only lay in the minds of children the importance of physical activity, but also support the understanding that physical exercise contributes to maintaining a healthy life. What are the tasks facing the kindergarten employees responsible for the physical development and health of mid-sized babies?
- Inoculating children with a stable set of interests in physical education classes using various motor games and active exercises.
- Assisting in the development of power qualities, as well as in the development and strengthening of dexterity, courage, endurance.
- Fostering the excellent well-being of children and a stable state of activity in each of them, the development of adaptive abilities.
- Obligatory presence in the fresh air during pastime in games of a motor nature - especially relevant for individual work in the middle group in the summer.
- Improvement in the form of hardening, sunbathing and air bathing, barefoot walking, dousing with water, nutrition fortification.
- Regular monitoring of the development and maintenance of correct posture in children, proper coordination of movements.
The fulfillment by teachers of all these tasks in individual work in the middle group is carried out using all kinds of exercises and exercises. This includes certain elements of sports activities, morning exercises, outdoor games, tempering events, sports events, entertainment, leisure activities, as well as the joint work of the kindergarten with the family in raising healthy and happy children.
FEMP works
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1) “What are the shapes?” - the teacher demonstrates various simple geometric shapes cut out of cardboard and painted in different colors, and draws the attention of children to their features (number of angles, shape, elongation).
2) “Let's assemble the beads” - in the center of attention in front of the children is a ribbon on which various objects of different shapes are mounted: balls, cubes, triangular pyramids, and the task of children is to sort similar objects in shape, being also distracted by the color scheme and dimensional features of the figures.
3) “Who has a tail longer” - the game is focused on understanding the concept of length; the guys sort out various toys in the form of little animals and by the method of comparative analysis reveal whose tail is longer.
4) “The correct score” - is based on the development of children's ability to count to five, while the kids become in a circle and throw the ball to each other, naming the number from one to five, and the caught one continues the count, throwing the ball to the next.
And there are a lot of such games in the file cabinets of individual work on FEMP of the middle group. All of them are aimed at introducing children to elementary mathematical principles.
Work on a walk
One of the most beloved educators and children in the educational process is considered individual work in the middle group for a walk. Children really like to collect and consider colorful foliage in the fall and sculpt snowmen in the winter. But they have a special love for classes in the yard of the kindergarten in the summer. Individual works in the middle group of children at this age are also multifaceted and wide-profile in their content and thematic focus. Children can watch the weather change, the sunrise and sunset, such phenomena as clouds, clouds and rains, as well as admire the beauty of the greenery of nature, indulge in listening to bird singing, watch small animals and insects.
In the summer, the sandbox enjoys special love and popularity in individual works with children of the middle group. Modeling all kinds of pyramids and towers of sand, group competitions in modeling sand structures for speed, filling the capacity in the form of children's pails half or full - all this forms in children ideas about various spatial figures, their shape and size, understanding understanding of equality, inequality and half value respectively. And even more guys like walks. Individual works in the middle group on street excursions and outings in the park include expanding children's horizons, developing discipline during the ranks, instilling a team spirit, and changing the environment. Many kids endlessly enjoy these kinds of events, which allow them to see something new not within the walls of the familiar garden, but beyond. And not with parents, as is usually the case, but with peers.
Speech development work
The plan of individual work in the middle group provides for paying special attention to classes on the development of speech. The ability to speak correctly and replenish vocabulary for children at this age is no less important than at earlier stages. This requires constant and regular improvement, because the older the child, the more correct and competent he must be able to talk. Therefore, individual work on the development of speech in the middle group is very important in the general educational process. By what methods is it implemented?
- Speaking exercises. Here, the basis is the study of simple sayings, tongue twisters, folklore, which helps to expand the conversational capabilities of children.
- Tasks with selective setting. They suggest that teachers pay special attention to the conversational characteristics of specific children, often the letters "p", "l", "w", "u", "w". Certain combinations of sentences with the contents of these problematic letters are selected, which the guys should pronounce.
- Targets for restoring offers and complementing replicas. In an individual work in the middle group, the teacher speaks a specific piece of text, and then repeats it halfway, and the children must supplement the remaining piece of text by restoring it from memory, or by adding meaningful meaning to their own improvised words.
- Test items in the form of answers to questions. These can be oral polls, or they can be written using pictures, tips, simple puzzles to expand mental opportunities in addition to the conversational development of children.
- Retelling exercises. This is one of the most common and effective methods of activating the child’s conversational speech apparatus in individual work in the middle group.
Work with parents
The exceptional communication of children with peers and carers in a preschool educational institution does not end in these two key areas of communication. An important aspect of parenting is also individual work in the middle group with parents. They should take on the role of assistants to their children in carrying out specific activities and in the general daily routine of their children. The topics of individual work in the middle group with parents may include questions about:
- daily routine - parents help the child make a regimen and monitor his compliance with the baby;
- memories of the summer - dad and mom help the baby to select and fill out information about how he spent his summer to provide the teacher and the children in the group;
- seasonal exhibitions - for example, the teaching staff holds a competition for the best application on the theme “Gifts of Autumn”, and at home the child learns creative work with his parents;
- thematic creative works on the occasion of the holidays - for the New Year, for Mother’s Day, for Maslenitsa, for Defender of the Fatherland Day and many other solemn days, the children learn poems, model crafts, present amateur performances and theatrical performances.