Inflammatory bowel diseases are accompanied by damage to the mucous membrane of any site or the entire organ as a whole. At the same time, mucus is secreted by the membrane.
Inflammation of the mucosa in the duodenum is called duodenitis, in the colon - colitis, and in the small intestine - enteritis. The inflammatory process in the rectum is called proctitis. With inflammation of the cecum, typhlitis is diagnosed, appendix is appendicitis. Sigmoiditis is an inflammation of the sigmoid colon.
Many diseases of the intestine, accompanied by inflammation of the mucosa, provoke the appearance of ulcers. In many cases, they are bleeding. Such ulcers accompany severe inflammatory processes. These include intestinal diseases such as typhoid fever, dysentery and other diseases.
In some cases, deep ulcers provoke perforation (perforation) of the organ wall, which subsequently causes purulent peritonitis.
Intestinal diseases cause not only anatomical, but also functional disorders.
As you know, the functions of the intestinal tract include the continuation and completion of the digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients and water into the blood, as well as the elimination of unnecessary food residues.
Any bowel disease provokes a violation of its functions.
Inflammation of the mucosa is accompanied by increased excretion of mucus into the lumen of the organ, and in some cases, exudative fluid.
Constipation and diarrhea often accompany bowel disease. Symptoms result from a violation of reflex muscle contraction. Such conditions can occur not only in cases of damage to the intestinal walls, but also on the basis of nervous disorders. In medical practice, there are quite a few cases in which increased peristalsis (diarrhea) occurred precisely in a state of intense excitement or fear, while the intestinal walls were absolutely healthy. Enhanced peristalsis can also be caused by coarse plant foods. In some cases, increased peristalsis as well as an emetic state is a special reaction of the body, with the help of which accelerated elimination of harmful substances from the body occurs.
Bowel damage can be caused not only by inflammation. So, helminth infections are caused by parasitic worms. For this group of diseases, a relatively slow course and development is characteristic.
Salmonella infection is an infectious bowel disease. As a rule, animals belong to its main carriers. In rare cases, a person may be the source of the disease. As a rule, the sources of "hospital" strains include patients and staff in hospitals. The disease is transmitted through animal foods or water.
Congenital or acquired connective tissue weakness can cause diverticulosis. This disease also occurs with changes in the muscle wall and a violation of its motility. This disease is attributed to the final manifestation of any disturbance in the intestinal wall. With this disease, the appearance of bag-shaped protrusions on the walls is noted. The disease is not characterized by any pronounced manifestations and is diagnosed, as a rule, by chance during the examination of the intestine for other reasons.
Giardiasis refers to infectious diseases. The disease is expressed in intestinal dysfunction. The disease proceeds in the form of parasitic carriage. The main reason for its occurrence is a violation of the absorption of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins. Giardiasis is also called dirty hand disease. The disease is transmitted through water, products.