Why does a person not get sick with some diseases twice? All due to the fact that he develops immunity to a specific disease. There are few such ailments. To protect the body from infection, vaccination is done.
The list of diseases that do not occur twice
There are such pathologies that a person suffers only once in a lifetime:
- smallpox
- parotitis;
- rubella;
- chickenpox;
- measles;
- encephalitis and others.
How to protect yourself from such diseases?
Many are worried about the questions of why a person does not get sick with some diseases twice, and whether it is possible to protect oneself from becoming infected with them. Doctors distinguish several rules. If you adhere to them, it is believed that the risk of contracting a disease is reduced. Among them are the following:
- It is required to ventilate the bedroom, as a person must breathe fresh air.
- You need to wash your hands, especially after coughing, transport, toilet.
- You should do sports.
- Vaccination is required. It acts as a prophylaxis against infection.
- It is necessary to strengthen immunity, consume vitamins, eat right.
- See a doctor in time if the condition worsens.
The emergence of immunity after a disease
To the question of why a person does not get sick twice with some diseases, there is a simple answer: after the pathology, the body develops immunity. The microorganism that provokes the disease has a unique antigen. Antibodies tend to recognize it. When cells first encounter microbes, they detect antigens and then produce antibodies against them.
Therefore, in the case of infection with a virus, such as chickenpox, the body begins the production of antibodies that can fight microbes. Subsequently, some antibodies will disappear, but they will leave a memory in the cells, which will provide a person with lifelong immunity to pathology. In this case, chickenpox.
If a person is re-infected with viruses, the cells kill them, so the disease does not develop. Such memory should be preserved for life, but sometimes the immune system is disturbed. In this case, a person is able to re-contract the disease. This is especially often observed in:
- those people who suffer from immunodeficiency;
- having undergone an organ transplant, while immunity usually decreases markedly;
- survivors of severe stress.
Vaccination
There is a special vaccination scheme for children, which should be followed so that the child is healthy. But at birth, he already has immunity to certain diseases, since antibodies were transmitted to him from his mother. Such immunity does not last long, is temporary.
Vaccination is a special vaccination that creates artificial immunity. In this case, harmless antigens are used - part of the microorganism that provokes pathology. That is why some diseases a person does not get sick twice. He develops lifelong immunity.
Measles vaccine
Measles is a highly contagious disease. If a person comes into contact with a patient, the likelihood that he will fall ill is 98%. This will happen, of course, if he has not developed immunity to measles. You can create it artificially, vaccination is done for this. The vaccine is prepared from live measles viruses, which are already slightly weakened. Insert it under the skin into the shoulder or shoulder blade.
There are mandatory rules in which it is indicated that every child who is sent to kindergarten must receive such vaccination in accordance with a specific plan.
Chickenpox vaccine
Chickenpox is chickenpox. To protect a person from becoming infected with this pathology, vaccination is also carried out. It is very similar to the measles vaccine. In this case, the chickenpox virus in weakened form is used. Doctors recommend a similar vaccination to all children aged 12 months. After some time, a child who has not yet had chickenpox should undergo a second procedure. It should be carried out at the age of 4 to 6 years.
When a similar vaccine is introduced about the body, the immune system begins to respond . Subsequently, the virus is destroyed, but proteins are produced that are able to fight the virus in the future. These are antibodies that do not disappear from the body, creating protection against the disease. Thus, a person is immune to chickenpox.
Because of this, doctors strongly recommend that children perform these procedures twice. But adults who have not been infected with this virus and have not been vaccinated should also receive 2 doses in order to develop immunity.
Sometimes a child may have a reaction to the vaccine. This happens if he has survived other serious illnesses. Therefore, you should first consult with your doctor.
Very rarely, a person is still able to become infected with such a disease if he has been vaccinated. Even rarer are the cases when the infection occurred a second time. But most often, the pathology does not manifest itself with such obvious symptoms. In medicine, this phenomenon is called "breakthrough infection." But in most cases, such diseases a person does not get sick twice.