Blood pressure is an important parameter of a person’s condition. Over time, due to a hereditary predisposition, the state of health is determined by the parameters of blood pressure.
What it is?
The main organ of human life is the heart. This is a pump for pumping blood, supplying oxygen to all organs and systems of the body. For this reason, there are several phases in the functioning of the heart muscle:
Based on the parameters of the functioning of the heart muscle in humans, the upper and lower boundaries of blood pressure are distinguished. Sharp fluctuations in it are distinguished by the ability to affect the body in a negative way: high and low pressure are unsafe for life.
If earlier the quantitative ratio of people suffering from high blood pressure (hypertensive) was significantly higher than with low blood pressure (hypotension), now the situation is changing dramatically. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels occupy one of the leading places in mortality worldwide. The disease itself is getting younger. If until that time elderly people suffered from coronary heart disease, now this ailment is getting younger.
Normative indicators
Blood pressure is a force acting on blood vessels. The definition of "arterial" refers to the parameters of blood pressure. Distinguish:
- venous;
- capillary;
- heart pressure.
The standard indicators of blood pressure for life - 120/80 (maximum - 140/90). With an overestimated value, there is a tendency to hypertension. Maximum - upper systolic pressure, the heart muscle contracts. The minimum is diastolic (relaxation phase).
To determine the optimal value of blood pressure, it is not necessary to focus on the established norms. A person may well have individual characteristics of blood pressure. If you have non-standard indicators, you should carefully consider your health and consult a doctor.
Pulse - an indicator of blood pressure. The norm in humans is 60-80 beats. / min When measuring your heart rate, you can find out about an approaching problem. With an increase in the number of heart contractions after 2-3 hours after eating, food poisoning can be detected. With magnetic storms, a decrease in blood pressure is observed. In response to this, the heart rate increases to maintain optimal blood pressure.
Reasons for measuring blood pressure
The reasons for changing the parameters are as follows:
- Lack of ability of the heart muscle to function in normal mode, as before.
- Change in blood quality indicators. As you age, the blood thickens. The higher the degree of its density, the harder it moves through the vessels. The causes of blood thickening can be diabetes and autoimmune pathological diseases.
- Decreased vascular elasticity. The reasons for this condition are irrational nutrition, the limit of permissible physical activity, a certain list of drugs is exceeded.
- The formation of atherosclerotic plaques that appear in the bloodstream as a result of a high concentration of “bad” cholesterol in the body.
- A sharp decrease in vascular lumen, provoked by hormones.
- Incorrect endocrine system activity.
Critical performance
Critical pressure is a value at which the main degree of load falls on the heart and vascular system, which affects the condition. A sharp fluctuation in blood pressure leads to disruption of the CVS.
It is not possible to specify the exact critical pressure parameters for a person. An overestimated blood pressure by 20-30 points from the maximum permissible represents a danger, more than 30 is a critical indicator. Here is the critical pressure for a person:
- below 100/60 - hypotension;
- above 140/90 - hypertension.
Mortally high pressure, when the tonometer reaches a value of 300, in a similar situation death occurs. Hypertensive crisis - 260 to 140. Critical low pressure - 70/40 or less.
The maximum allowable rate provokes the occurrence of heart failure, while ignoring the symptoms, death occurs.
If the patient rises in temperature due to a failure of blood pressure, this is an alarm. Critical temperature and pressure are especially dangerous for people with coronary heart disease, with diabetes, heart failure, atherosclerosis and arrhythmia.
Be careful, sometimes a combination of these symptoms accompanies myocardial infarction. And the temperature may rise slightly.
Why does blood pressure rise?
Pressure fluctuations do not just happen. The values of blood pressure are influenced by factors that are not always interrelated with the incorrect functioning of the body. Increased blood pressure - a review of lifestyle, diet.
Factors causing an increase in pressure:
- Dehydration. The norms of fluid intake in humans are 2 liters, the water should be clean. In the absence of the required amount of water, the blood thickens, the heart functions at the maximum permissible speed, which provokes an increase in blood pressure.
- Eating fatty foods with significant cholesterol. Cholesterol plaques settle on the walls, interfering with the movement of blood through the vessels.
- High salt intake.
- Presence of addictions.
- Frequent heavy physical exertion, as well as their absence. With increased loads, disruptions in orgasm are observed, with hypodynamia, blood outflow worsens, the strength of the heart muscle weakens.
- Frequent stressful situations.
- Heredity, menopause, renal failure, the presence of head injuries.
Low pressure reasons
The following factors affect it:
- Stress, emotional stress.
- Mental and physical stress.
- Labor activity (underground work, in a damp room, extreme conditions, workshops with high temperature, with acids and alkalis).
- Diseases of the central nervous system, heart and blood vessels, adrenal glands, thyroid gland.
- Static
Important! Hypotension is observed in athletes as a protective reaction in the presence of constant physical exertion.
The danger of high blood pressure
Increased blood pressure entails irreversible processes in the body. A significant proportion of the hazardous effects occur in the activity of the heart and blood vessels. Every year, about a million people die due to CVD disease in the world, and most die as a result of hypertension.
Increased blood pressure is accompanied by hypertensive crises - sharp fluctuations in pressure to a critically dangerous point.
Hypertensive crisis - a sudden increase in blood pressure to the level of 180/110 or more. If after 5 minutes the pressure does not change, you need to urgently take measures to reduce indicators. A long stay in such a condition is fraught with the development of complications: stroke, swelling in the lungs, acute heart failure. In view of this, first aid is provided immediately.
Hypertensive crisis happens:
- Uncomplicated. Serious malfunctions in the performance of the heart muscle, brain, and kidneys are not observed. After a few hours after taking the drugs, pressure normalizes.
- Complicated. Its occurrence is extremely rare. In this condition, the digestive organs "come under attack".
With hypertensive crisis there is a sharp expansion of blood vessels, their ruptures. The patient complains of migraines and pain in the heart, fever, nausea, vision deteriorates. Complications are especially fatal: heart attack and stroke. In the chronic course of hypertension, vital organs — the heart, kidneys, eyes, fall under the “blow”:
- a stroke is accompanied by a sudden deterioration in blood circulation in the structures of the brain, paralysis occurs, which can remain for life;
- renal failure - malfunctions in the metabolism, the kidneys cannot perform their functions - the formation of urine;
- with eye damage, vision deteriorates, hemorrhage in the eyeball is observed.
When diagnosing hypertension, alternative methods of treatment should not be ruled out. On the contrary, they are used as an addition to the general course of therapeutic treatment, their use is coordinated with the therapist. Apply diuretic fees in combination with medication. Shredded cranberries with honey help a lot.
Low pressure hazard
Hypotension is reflected in the condition. If it is present, organs experience a shortage of blood, there is insufficient blood supply to the body. Critical lower pressure is equated to dangerous, with it oxygen does not enter the main vessels, poor blood supply to organs. With poor cerebral circulation, the chance of an ischemic stroke increases.
Hypotension affects well-being: the patient complains of malaise, fatigue, powerlessness. Heart attack, stroke, heart and vascular disease - a complicated course of hypertension and hypotension. A large number of examples confirm the possibility of the transition of hypotension to hypertension. This is explained by the fact that pathological changes are observed in the vessels. This kind of hypertension is very difficult for the body to tolerate than other cases.
Important! Hypotension is observed at the initial stage of pregnancy. When dehydration is required to drink plenty of fluids, but this affects the condition of the child.
Patient's actions in the presence of dangerous pressure
Hypertension and hypotension require compulsory treatment. The sooner therapy is started, the better for a person. Sudden drops in high pressure are undesirable - it harms the body and poses a danger to humans. For treatment, drugs with a combined type of action are applicable, the main task of which is to reduce side effects, increase the benefits. The modern pharmaceutical industry is engaged in the production of drugs that reduce high blood pressure for 24 hours after a single dose.
General recommendations for reducing critical pressure:
- Reduce salt intake.
- Refuse the use of coffee, tea, alcohol.
- Exclude animal fats and sugar.
- Increase the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables consumed.
- Eat foods that are high in potassium and magnesium.
Usually the patient knows what critical low pressure is for him and can quickly increase it at home. To increase vascular tone, it makes no sense to use pills. An affordable way to quickly raise blood pressure is coffee. Preparations containing caffeine are Citramon, Pyramein, Askofen.
Cinnamon water can quickly increase low pressure - 1 tsp of cinnamon is poured with boiling water, 2 tsp is drunk to increase pressure. For hypotension, it is necessary to use drugs with a combined spectrum of action - a combination of ACE inhibitors and potassium antagonists, an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic.
People with problematic blood pressure are wondering which pressure is considered critical and which of the conditions are worse: hypertension or hypotension? Danger is any violation. For systematically observed pressure surges, seek qualified help immediately. After a thorough examination of the patient, the doctor will prescribe the necessary drugs and preventive measures.
This is what causes blood pressure problems:
- heredity;
- stress
- excessive physical activity;
- change of weather;
- passive lifestyle;
- bad habits;
- unbalanced nutrition;
- heart and vascular disease.
Symptoms of high and low pressure
Hypertension:
- mild and moderate increase (a severe form of hypertension can occur latently if its development was gradual, without sharp jumps in blood pressure);
- constricting pain in the back of the head;
- noise in ears;
- stiffness of movements;
- chest pain
- anxiety.
Hypotension:
- lethargy;
- drowsiness;
- rapid fatigue;
- decreased performance;
- aching headache;
- frequent fainting.
Important! Symptoms occur when the weather changes. With orthostatic hypotension, there is a sudden weakness with the presence of flies and darkening before the eyes.
Hypertension or hypotension?
Patients often wonder which critical pressure value is worse. In a comparative analysis of conditions, it is obvious that the dangerous consequences of complications are worse than hypertension than hypotension. The ideal value is the norm of blood pressure according to medical experts.
The achievement of ideal pressure parameters for hypotension is possible using tonic drinks containing caffeine, ginseng and other stimulants. For hypertension, the systematic consumption of special drugs that control blood pressure indicators is mandatory.
Most of the causes of sharp fluctuations in critical blood pressure can be eliminated on their own, which will make it possible to preserve health for a longer time. A properly selected, balanced diet, activity and physical activity, a calm attitude to events in life, avoiding and eliminating stressful situations is the way to health and longevity. Compliance with these simple rules will normalize blood pressure indicators.