As the pathological processes in the human kidneys progress , irreversible changes in this organ appear, its functions either decrease or disappear altogether, which leads to the death of the renal tissue and deformation of the kidneys. This violates the composition of all fluids in the human body, as well as the regulation of blood pressure. Thus, chronic renal failure (CRF) can lead to disruption of the internal organs and cause death.
This disease develops slowly, the number of people suffering from such an ailment is constantly growing.
Doctors diagnose chronic renal failure when the kidneys do not function fully for three months. After time, the kidney tissue atrophies and its regeneration becomes impossible. Kidney cells gradually die, and those that remain have a double burden, so they also die over time, about two hundred substances accumulate in the human body, so urea and creatinine are high and determine the stage of development of renal failure.
So, chronic renal failure has several stages of development:
- Latent period. At this stage, a person begins to feel a little fatigue and dry mouth, his urine contains protein.
- Stage of compensation. Symptoms are the same as at the initial stage, but they intensify, the composition of blood and urine changes slightly.
- Intermittent period. Renal function weakens, creatinine levels in urine increase. A person at this stage experiences dry mouth, constant thirst, nausea, rapid fatigue appears, some changes in the skin occur, weakening of muscle mass, and immunity decreases.
- The final or terminal stage of chronic renal failure. At the last stage of the development of this disease, changes in human behavior are observed, his reactions are somewhat inhibited due to sleep disturbances, dystrophy is often observed. A person’s skin turns yellow, his face and stomach are swollen, stomatitis appears. In addition, vomiting and diarrhea appear . During this period, the kidneys lose their filtering function, uremia appears, that is, the presence of urine in the blood. All this leads to the fact that other internal organs are also affected. The most dangerous is that this process is irreversible. Often all this leads to the fact that a person dies, or he needs a kidney transplant.
In the early stages of the development of chronic renal failure, renal function is impaired, which leads to the formation of polyuria, edema, hypokalemia, shortness of breath and seizures, as well as to dehydration of the whole organism. Over time, ammonia, acetone, various amino acids, uric acid and many other substances accumulate in the urine, which lead to intoxication of the whole body.
It has been established by medicine that the number of people who have chronic renal failure of the first stage is much more than those who are at the last stage of the development of this disease.
Treatment for chronic renal failure should be carried out in the early stages of development, otherwise a donor organ will be required. At these stages, therapy is dispensed with without surgery and is aimed at regulating homeostasis. In addition, a diet is necessary for chronic renal failure, which must be strictly observed, otherwise the condition of the kidneys may worsen. Moreover, it is recommended to minimize any physical exertion, eliminate stress, take a large amount of fluid. Also, therapy uses treatment aimed at creating the correct metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, since in case of metabolic disorders of these substances, bone changes are observed. With a severe degree of development of a disease such as chronic renal failure, patients are prescribed replacement therapy with kidney transplantation.