Speech therapist is a correctional teacher engaged in the elimination of speech disorders in children and adults. He not only “sets” sounds. Such work (a speech therapist) promotes the development of attention, visual and auditory perception in children. The specialist prepares children with various deviations and speech impairments for a full-fledged working and social life.
Why do children have abnormalities in speech development?
In order for a small person to speak, two main things are needed: society and objective activity. There can be many reasons why a child does not speak or speak incorrectly: from mental retardation, autism to functional immaturity.
Today, more than 40% of children have some kind of speech problem. This highest function of the child’s overall psychophysiological development is improved in several stages according to time standards.
There are many books for educating parents, preparing them for birth, parenting, and proper childcare. The main thing is to be very attentive to your kids during this period. You need to talk with the child in such a volume that he needs for full development. The baby must be taught to listen to the speech addressed to him from the very first day of life.
It is very important to detect certain violations, and as soon as possible. For this, there are preventive examinations by doctors. Usually, a speech therapist works in every children's clinic. This is a specialist who will help solve any problems associated with the speech development of the baby.
Specialist work in kindergarten
A speech therapist in a preschool educational institution is a teacher whose task is to eliminate certain defects in speech of children. The main goal of the teacher's activity is to organize the correct speech activity of children with disabilities. Moreover, each baby needs an individual approach. There are a huge number of techniques to improve children's speech. Speech therapist must decide how to work with a particular pupil.
Identification of the level of speech formation in preschool children
Speech is considered expressive if it is characterized by restraint, accuracy (the correct image of the surrounding reality), logic, clarity, as well as correctness and purity. One of the principles of preschool education, reflected in the GEF, is the implementation of the program in forms acceptable to children of this age group. Training should take place, first of all, in the form of a game, cognitive and research activity, creative activity.
The set of tasks in all
educational areas includes according to GEF: cognitive development, speech development, artistic and physical development.
All work on the formation of speech in preschool children takes place in three stages:
- Preparatory.
- Main.
- Final.
With children, exercises are carried out to develop diction, speech breathing, motor skills. Learning poems, sketches. Of great importance is also singing. Each speech therapist uses his own proven methods. Children with minor speech impairments are prepared for school by special programs in kindergarten. In a normal secondary educational institution, a speech therapist can conduct corrective classes to correct diction.
Severe speech impairment
A special specialist works with children who have serious deviations in speech development. Who is a speech therapist-pathologist? It is the activity of this doctor aimed at solving the problems that arose in the baby. Severe speech disorders include:
- alalya;
- aphasia;
- some severe forms of stuttering.
Children with serious disabilities are treated by specialists in medical institutions at the place of residence.
Consider one of the most complex diseases. Alalia - damage to the central nervous system during fetal development. Most often, a neoplasm is found in the cerebral cortex, but not always. In ontogenesis, at the first stage, the child appears to be humming. This is a biological phenomenon characterized by the fusion of sounds.
Babble is the next stage in the formation of speech. Walking is inherent in all newborn children, even if the child does not have hearing and vision. The babble is observed only if the baby has a socio-communicative environment. You can determine nationality by babble, it has intonation, rhythm and sounds inherent in this language. The chains are uniform and very long. As the child develops, babble develops into intelligible speech. Consonants appear, prototypes of words, then phrases.
If the baby does not make sounds for several months, you should consult a doctor. First of all, a speech therapist examines the baby. It is necessary! After all, the only way to identify a serious ailment. The absence of babble and humming may indicate the development of alalia.
How should speech develop properly?
By the year of life, the child should have phrases in speech, and by the age of two, sentences. At three years old, most children are already able to clearly express their thoughts and desires. If at this age the baby is silent, do not panic. What is the problem, a speech therapist can determine. This may be just a feature of the development of a particular person. However, you should not leave the problem unattended.
A lag in speech will necessarily be observed if the baby lacks communication. Often this problem is observed in children who are brought up in
dysfunctional families. An important factor is also the psychological situation. Often those guys whose parents pass the divorce process do not speak well. In any case, only a speech therapist can identify the cause of deviations in development. Who else will do this if not an experienced specialist?
What does a speech therapist do at school?
As a rule, all the guys who come to study in the first grade of a general education institution already know how to speak well enough. However, some babies still have some problems. Children may not pronounce certain sounds, “swallow” the ending of words. Such children later have problems with reading and writing, and psychological complexes develop. Parents by the school age of children already know who a speech therapist is and what he does in an educational institution.
To the main tasks of the school teacher is the correction of reading and writing defects. Additionally, the following actions are performed:
- pronunciation correction;
- correction of speech hearing;
- learning word formation skills;
- development of grammar speech.
The development of psychological processes is also of great importance. These include attention, memory, thinking. The child must not only talk, but also think correctly. The formation of elementary learning skills can also be affected by a school speech therapist. This is, first of all, the ability to listen carefully to the teacher, to correctly evaluate the result of their own work, to solve tasks.
Aqua Therapy in Speech Therapy
What does a speech therapist do at a preschool educational institution or general educational institution? The specialist contributes to the correct development of the speech of the children. For this, both time-tested and new techniques can be used. A number of studies were conducted that showed that water positively affects the development of speech and motor skills of babies. Therefore, aqua therapy is widely used in speech therapy today. In their work, specialists take into account the age and psychological characteristics of children. Speech therapists do not forget about basic hygiene rules.
Games with water contribute to the development of sound perception, increase vitality. Thus, babies not only learn to speak correctly, but also strengthen their immunity. In kindergartens, group classes are most often held. In polyclinics, speech therapists work with small patients individually.
Water games really like the guys. The most popular activities in day care centers are:
- “Warm?” Cold? ”;
- "Squeeze the sponge";
- “Recognize the letter by touch”;
- “Move the crab.”
Classes are held using a special plastic container. In most cases, room temperature water is used.
Homework
If the child has problems with speech, an experienced specialist can not do. Only a qualified doctor will be able to identify the causes of the disease and help to eliminate them. However, the work of parents at home is of great importance. The main cure is simple human communication. With a child you need to talk about everything, comment on all actions. In addition, the baby must communicate closely with his peers. Do not neglect daily walks in the playground.
Finger games perfectly contribute to the development of children's speech. At home, you can sort buckwheat with your baby, make applications using beads and beads. Drawing is another lesson that can hardly be overestimated. The guys who love to draw, are perfectly developing in all respects.
Summarize
If there are certain problems in the speech development of a child, you should immediately contact a speech therapist. The sooner it is possible to identify the ailment, the greater the chances of a successful outcome. A qualified specialist defectologist will be able to find an approach to any child. And parents, in turn, should not neglect homework.