Among human diseases, pneumonia, or pneumonia, is not the last place.
The entire respiratory system, and in particular the lungs, is very vulnerable to infectious diseases. If nursing is absent in therapy, then transmission of the infection most often occurs by airborne droplets, no matter how great the variety of infection methods. That is why in the fight against many bacteria and viruses in the front ranks are the upper respiratory tract. However, certain conditions — violation of the qualitative composition of the air, high activity of the microbe, decreased immunity, etc. — do not contribute to the localization of the infection process only in the larynx, nasopharynx or trachea, but to its spread down. It is possible that the whole process will end only with bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi, their mucous membranes. But often the disease develops further, inflammation of the lung tissue occurs, pneumonia matures.
Nursing in antibiotic therapy is subject to the following principles: treatment should begin immediately, it is necessary to take into account the type of pathogen and its susceptibility to the chosen drug, use the optimal regimen for drug administration, which contributes to its necessary concentration in the lesion. After normalization of body temperature, you need to enter the drugs for another 3-4 days.
In the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, penicillins, macropids and cephalosporins are used. The method of administration and dosage of drugs depend on the severity of the disease. In hospital conditions, penicillin with clavulanic acid, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, third-generation cephalosporins , etc. are also used. In pneumonia of unknown etiology, combination therapy of several antibiotics is prescribed.
The protracted nature of pneumonia involves the appointment of immunomodulating drugs: sodium nucleinate, interferon. With intoxication, hemodesis, plasma, reopoliglukin are prescribed.
Acute respiratory failure in a patient requires inducing coughing, with bronchoscopy, evacuation of mucus and pus, inhalation of a mixture of air and oxygen in a ratio of 1: 1 (this is part of the sister process with pneumonia). To improve bronchial patency, broncholitin is prescribed, expectorants - potassium iodide, bromhexine, mucaltin. Acceleration of the resorption of the inflammatory process, improvement of drainage function is provided by physiotherapeutic treatment: inhalation of alkalis, electrophoresis of ascorbic acid, calcium chloride, etc. Mustard plasters are also prescribed. In a patient with asthenization, the process of cessation of coughing, reduction of shortness of breath may be delayed. With the help of a nurse, the patient learns breathing exercises and, under the supervision of medical staff, performs it twice a day. The use of complex treatment in the vast majority of cases leads to the recovery of the patient and the restoration of disability.
Nursing in therapy for the prevention of pneumonia provides for general hygiene measures - isolation of patients, ventilation of rooms, observance of the regime of work and nutrition, etc., personal prevention - cessation of smoking, hardening, physical education, as well as elimination of foci of infection - sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, etc. Prevention viral and bacterial pneumonia is the timely implementation of measures against the epidemic: the rational treatment of acute respiratory infections, bronchitis, tracheitis until complete healing, voevremennoy influenza vaccination. Nursing is responsible for prevention in medical facilities.
Acute pneumonia is a serious test not only for the patient, but also for the medical staff, a successful exit from which will be timely diagnosis of the disease, adequate treatment and attentive care for the patient. That is why nursing is so important in therapy.