With normal functioning in the body there is a constant division of cells, their renewal. This is a controlled and orderly process. Some mechanisms stimulate the growth of new cells, while others cause inhibition, blocking of this process. Self-regulation of the body should not normally malfunction. But for some unknown reason, sometimes this happens, and the cells begin to randomly divide. A neoplasm appears - this is a tumor, which is engaged in a section of medicine called "oncology".
Types of neoplasms
Neoplasms can be either benign or malignant. A biopsy allows doctors to determine the type of tumor. With a benign tumor, the newly formed cells do not affect other tissues and organs, but, increasing in size, they can press on adjacent organs. A benign neoplasm does not always remain unchanged. Under the influence of certain factors, it can degenerate into malignant. Such a neoplasm is a dangerous tumor that threatens a person’s life. The tumor cell becomes immune to the signals of self-regulation, exists separately. Such cells enter the bloodstream, lymph, spread throughout the body to other organs, where they begin to multiply intensively and form metastases.
Causes of benign tumors
A cell lives for forty-two hours, it manages to emerge, live and die during this time. A new one is replacing, and the cycle repeats. If for some reason the frequency is violated, the cell does not die, but continues to grow, a neoplasm appears. This leads to the formation of a tumor. Some factors may contribute to this:
- Frequent inhalation of chemical fumes of toxic substances.
- Narcotic drugs.
- Smoking.
- Ultra-violet rays.
- Ionized irradiation.
- Hormone imbalance.
- Reduced immunity.
- Sleep disturbance.
- Poor quality products.
- Chemicals based on highly toxic alcohol.
- Nerve stress.
Mutation of cells is quite possible in poor environmental conditions, poor nutrition, in conjunction with stress.
Stages of growth of neoplasms
There are several stages of tumor development:
Initiation . The initial stage of neoplasm development. At this stage, DNA changes. Two genes mutate: one of them is responsible for the immortality of the cell, and the second for constant growth. If two genes are immediately included in the process, a malignant neoplasm is formed, this is inevitable. If one of the genes transforms, a benign tumor develops.
Promotion Chemical promoters do not damage the structure of DNA. But with prolonged contact with the initiated cells, the possibility of tumor development arises. Promoters are capable of provoking active cell division. With early diagnosis, it is possible to stop cancer pathology.
Progression . At the progression stage, the mutated cells increase at lightning speed. So a neoplasm is formed. At this stage, even benign tumors cause poor health, strange spots appear on the skin. If measures are not taken in time, cancer may form. Genes mutate, the process of metastasis may begin.
Types of benign neoplasms
A benign neoplasm is a tumor of several types.
- Fibroma. Diagnosed in women (has a connective structure). It is localized in the uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, on the skin.
- Lipoma. Possible manifestation in any part of the body. It is formed in fat cells.
- Chondroma. Cartilage tumor.
- Osteoma. Formed from bone tissue.
- Myoma. It is localized in the uterus.
- Angioma. It appears on the internal organs, on the skin or in the muscles.
- Lymphangioma The lymph nodes.
- Neuroma. The proliferation of nerve trunks.
- Papilloma. The growths on the skin.
- Adenoma. Benign enlargement of the prostate gland.
- Cysts Cavities filled with fluid.
Types of malignant neoplasms
Malignant neoplasm is a pathology that has several varieties, depending on the type of damaged cells.
- Carcinoma.
- Melanoma.
- Leukemia
- Sarcoma.
- Lymphoma
- Teratoma.
- Choriocarcinoma.
- Glioma
Methods for removing neoplasms in humans on the skin
There are several ways to remove neoplasms on the skin. For each patient, the operation is selected individually, depending on the degree of the disease.
What methods are used:
Radio wave. The operation is carried out using a special electrode that emits high-frequency waves. A tumor is literally cut off by heating, while it remains intact and can be sent for examination.
Laser The most popular method. Light pulses that degenerate into thermal energy evaporate the neoplasm. Treatment seals blood vessels and prevents bleeding. During processing, the formation is completely destroyed.
Chemical. Aggressive chemicals are used. The method is used extremely rarely, aggressive acids are used.
Electrocoagulation Used alternating or high frequency current. High temperature destroys the formation on the skin. With electrocoagulation, scars often remain, so the method is not suitable for use on exposed skin and on the face.
Cryodestruction. To eliminate neoplasms, liquid nitrogen is used. Temperature minus 195 freezes pathology, destroys the structure. With this method, it is impossible to control the depth of exposure, so there is a danger of hurt healthy cells or underestimate patients.
Surgical The standard way to excise a conventional surgical scalpel. The disadvantage of this method is the threat of bleeding, scars, a long period of rehabilitation.