Certification is a term formulated for the first time in an international standardization organization called ISO in 1982. In the Guide No. 2, this concept is disclosed as an action, as a result of which the conformity of a service or product with a certain set of qualities and standards is verified. According to this definition, certification of conformity is required. This concept is currently accepted in the GOST R system in Russia.
What does it mean?
This tool ensures that the quality of the product meets the requirements according to the accepted documentation. Technical specifications and standards are also confirmed. In addition, certification is an effective means of developing economic and trade relations with other countries, promoting goods and strengthening positions for a long time.
Issued Documents
The guarantee is implemented through the responsibility of the supplier for the introduction of products that do not comply with the standards. At the same time, mandatory requirements are fulfilled regarding the characteristics of goods or services subject to certification. This tool is necessary for products that ensure the safety of human life and health, as well as environmental protection.
By law, the following documents are distinguished:
- Certificate.
- Mark of conformity.
Certification is the receipt of a document that is issued according to certain rules. He confirms that the products meet the requirements.
The conformity mark, in turn, is a mark registered by the rules, the presence of which indicates that the product or service has an established set of characteristics.
Goals
Certification is implemented to achieve the following goals:
- In order to ensure proper conditions for the functioning of organizations and individual entrepreneurs in the country's product market, as well as for the opportunity to participate in international cooperation and trade.
- Helps consumers choose quality products.
- Protects them from a dishonest performer or seller.
- It ensures the safety of life, human health, the environment and property.
- Confirms the fact of the presence of those characteristics that the manufacturer has declared.
Terms
Certification is a set of actions based on testing and evaluating the conditions of production of products, as well as regulating the implementation of certain procedures and monitoring their quality.
The document is issued for a certain period. The maximum time for certification of goods is three years, and for staff - five years.
The whole process is regulated by the government and NGOs. The first controls quality, protects the consumer and the environment, supports domestic production, protects against fraudulent transactions and false information.
The procedure includes the following:
- guarantees conditions for the production of certified products;
- organizes and conducts the process in such a way that all requirements are met.
Principles
Product certification is a process based on some principles. It:
- statehood, as state interests are carried out;
- voluntary use of promotional products;
- objectivity of the executive body;
- reliability through the use of independent tests;
- lack of discrimination of domestic and imported products;
- providing the manufacturer with the right to choose the organization to conduct the process;
- openness about positive or negative results after the procedure;
- installations of executive officers;
- different methods and forms of implementation of the institute.
The objects
An object is usually called a product or service to which special requirements are established, and their implementation must be confirmed.
The following types are distinguished:
- product certification - this is materials, raw materials, energy, components and whole products for industrial and technical purposes or general consumer goods;
- services for the population;
- processes of use, production, transportation, storage and disposal;
- complex objects of technical and organizational - technical purpose, which are considered in the form of systems.
Certification may apply to products, processes, and quality systems.
Benefits
The current institute has a number of significant advantages, among which the following stand out.
- Ensuring confidence in quality.
- Simplification of the search for the right product.
- Informing consumers about the characteristics of goods or services.
- Assistance in excellent sales of goods and their competitiveness in the market.
- Reduction in imports for this type.
- Prevention of low-quality products entering the domestic market.
- Contributing to quality improvement by setting appropriate requirements.
- Stimulating an increase in production.
Issuance Procedure
The certification body that implements the procedure for issuing a quality system document carries out the following activities.
- Actions at the enterprise.
- Draws up documents.
- Develops the necessary techniques.
- Checks the quality.
Mandatory certification is ...
The procedure can be carried out on a mandatory and voluntary basis. In the first case, the state is developing a specific standard that contains or includes the requirements necessary for implementation, in accordance with the legislation of Russia.
These include ensuring safety for the life and health of people, their property and the environment, compatibility and interchangeability, as well as other standards that are mandatory.
These requirements must be fulfilled by all manufacturers selling products or providing services in Russia. The list of goods and services is determined by the State Standard, according to the law on consumer protection. The procedure is carried out by accredited organizations. The main bodies here are:
- Gosstandart;
- Ministry of Communications;
- Gosgortekhnadzor;
- Gosstroy.
Voluntary certification is ...
In this case, we are talking about confirming compliance with some set of qualities. The procedure is carried out on a voluntary basis on the conditions agreed upon by the applicant and the body that implements it. This type of activity has the right to carry out any organization that has decided to certify goods or services on a voluntary basis.
It can be implemented in various forms. Regardless of the consumer, the enterprises themselves stamp the mark of conformity, being responsible for a certain set of qualities declared on it. On the other hand, certification can be implemented by a third party evaluating ongoing activities. But this outside organization can not always be called objective with certainty. After all, it is often associated with manufacturers and developers. Therefore, you must make sure that it fully implements the inspection.
On a voluntary basis, standardization and certification are procedures that are implemented to ensure compliance with certain standards. They can be initiated by enterprises in cases where the state does not provide. Their need usually arises in cases when there are objects that do not meet certain standards and affect economic interests, as a rule, of large groups, industries and services.
If voluntary certification of services is carried out, this means that they do not have mandatory security requirements. The same goes for goods. Thanks to her, however, the amount of low-quality products that enter the market is reduced.
At the same time, if mandatory certification is provided , then the voluntary form cannot replace it. Then it is appointed only as additional in order to win the fight for customers.
The procedure is carried out on a contractual basis, where the body conducting it issues a certificate based on the results and allows the use of the conformity mark or stops the issuance or cancels it.