In the publication, we consider the concept of composition, types of composition, which are widespread in various fields of art, and in some are the basis.
Concept of composition
The Great Encyclopedic Dictionary provides several definitions of this concept. Consider the main ones, based on the scope.
The word comes from the Latin "compositio", which means "binding", "compilation".
First of all, it is the creation of a certain artistic image or work, which is due to its purpose, content and character. Composition is the most important element of art forms, which gives integrity and unity to the created work, interconnects its components.
The following two definitions are related to music and art. One of them is interpreted as follows. A composition is a painting, music, graphic or sculpture. It can also be a process of composing music or an academic discipline in a music educational institution.
In addition, it may include several different types of art.
Now we begin to consider the main types of composition in various fields of art.
Literature
Each of us met this concept in school at the lessons of fine art, literature and music. Let us dwell on the literature in more detail, since in this area the concept plays a key role for the writer. Consider also the types of composition in the literature.
Elements of the composition include narration, dialogue and monologue, portrait and landscape, plot, description, author's description and digressions, inserted stories and a system of images.
An important role belongs to compositional techniques, among which the following are distinguished:
- Exposition (its presence in the work is optional, it allows the writer to notify the reader in advance about the events, as well as tune him to the desired wave).
- Retrospection, otherwise called "look back." The author plunges us into the past of heroes to reveal the causes of what is happening. The most characteristic of this technique for the story-recollections.
- The best way to add intrigue to a work is to break. The chapter being read ends with an intriguing moment, and the next one is about a completely different matter, while the created intrigue remains.
Among the types of composition in the literature, there are two main ones - external and internal. The first involves the division of the text into its constituent parts: prologues, epilogues, chapters, and so on. The second focuses on the content: plot, images, speech situations and so on.
Also, the composition can be reversed (the work begins with the final scenes), circular (the end of the work is the scene with which it began), thematic (based on the relationship of the main images) and mirror (based on the symmetry of some images or episodes).
Design
As a rule, there are no certain types of compositions in design. There are means, qualities and properties of the composition, which we will consider.
Means include line, hatching, stain, color, chiaroscuro, as well as linear, color and air perspectives. Artists often use several tools in their work. For example, line, spot and strokes.
The line is considered the main means of art. Chiaroscuro is used to transmit the volume of objects in the picture. Perspectives are used to create the illusion of space.
Now we list the qualities and properties of compositions in design: compositional balance, harmonious integrity, symmetry and asymmetry, dynamism and static composition, the unity of the nature of forms.
Architecture
In architecture, composition is also widely used, and the types of composition are numerous.
It involves the organization of architectural elements to achieve harmony and unity. The choice of a particular composition is carried out not only on the basis of aesthetic principles, but is also determined by all the requirements for the architectural structure.
Consider the types of architectural composition. Volumetric composition is performed by constructing volumetric forms. Spatial corresponds to a certain specific space (for example, a hall, room or arena). The basis of the deep spatial composition is the union of several spaces or the division of space into interconnected parts. The volumetric-spatial composition combines volumetric forms with elements of space. An example of such a construction is a building plan with a part of the yard. The frontal composition is built on horizontal and vertical coordinates. In the altitude dominates the height over the size of the form on the plan.
The photo
Speaking of composition and types of composition, I want to pay attention to the popular form of art - photography. Every person, whether a professional photographer or an amateur, cares how to make their photos interesting and expressive. There are several rules for constructing a composition for this.
The rule of thirds states that the frame is divided into nine parts, that is, a grid is obtained. Thus, the most important objects are located at the intersection of lines or along them.
The Golden Section Rule. In the composition there are points that most attract the attention of a person, they are at a distance of 5/8 and 3/8 from the edges of the frame. There are 4 such points.
There are also rules for diagonals and a diagonal golden ratio.
Conclusion
Composition and types of composition are the main theme in the study of fine art, as well as architecture. Without knowledge of the rules for constructing objects, objects and spaces, as well as the ability to apply certain techniques, you cannot create a masterpiece.