A very important cycle of subjects within the framework of the school curriculum is natural science. After all, it is he who gives an idea of nature, its phenomena, living beings, their relationship with man. Geography, biology, physics and chemistry - that is the foundation that allows children to enter into life, begin to understand what is happening around things, navigate them and manage them.
Biology has always been introduced into the school curriculum from the 6th grade, however, according to the requirements of modern educational standards, now this discipline is compulsory for study from the fifth level of education. Let us consider what requirements for preparing a lesson are now put forward, what role is assigned to a teacher, what a modern lesson plan in biology should look like.
Biology in the framework of the school curriculum
This discipline is the oldest of all known sciences. Since the appearance of man, he was immediately interested in everything that surrounds him. How are living organisms? Why do certain phenomena occur? What is the structure of his own body? What is the diversity of its surrounding nature?
A biology lesson answers all these questions. It is this form of training that is basic, as it allows students to learn the maximum possible amount of information in the allotted time. At the moment, seven years are allotted for the study of this subject - from the fifth to the eleventh grade inclusively. Naturally, during this time the child receives the whole complex of natural science knowledge that is included in the subject and object of biology.
The main criterion for the lesson
The most important criterion for the success of the lesson is the variety of forms of work on it, the competent and clear construction of its structure. Subject to these requirements, the most effective result is observed. The main goal is to arouse children's interest in the subject being studied and stimulate their desire to learn as much as they can on their own.
That is why the modern biology lesson is a joint activity of a teacher and a student, built on the principles of democracy. Moreover, it is not so important whether it is students of the 5th grade or 11th - the purpose and essence of the lesson do not change from this. Active forms of work, a variety of techniques and the use of new methods - all this should be used by the teacher at any level of training in this subject.
Biology Lessons: Species
In order to more successfully implement the introduction of new standards in building lessons, as well as in order to increase the effectiveness of classes, you should use different types of biology lessons. In total, 15 main ones can be distinguished:
- conversation;
- problematic lesson;
- combined lesson;
- excursion;
- lecture;
- seminar;
- role-playing game;
- offset;
- film lesson;
- lesson using online resources;
- laboratory work;
- generalizing lesson;
- offset;
- test lesson;
- conference.
However, there are other types that some teachers create independently and are successfully introduced. It all depends on the personality of the teacher and his creativity, focus on results, attitude to the subject.
Obviously, with each level of training, the types of lessons should be complicated. So, in the fifth grade it is difficult to conduct a lesson, lecture or conference, seminar. But a role-playing game or laboratory work, an excursion will cause a storm of excitement and revival in children, which will help stimulate the growth of interest in the subject.
For senior managers, on the contrary, it is better to choose more adult and serious forms of conducting classes, which will allow them to prepare for student lectures. However, one should not forget about light species, otherwise there is a risk of losing the location and interest of the children in the subject.
Methods used
Methods of a biology lesson are sometimes called forms. They are quite diverse and aimed at achieving a particular goal. Consider what they are:
- The project method involves work not only during the lesson, but also, possibly, throughout the school year. Work can be conducted both individual and group. The main goal - the study of a problem, an object with a specific result in the end.
- The front-end method of work involves managing the entire class and simultaneously communicating with all the children (for example, when explaining part of a new topic or revealing a concept).
- Individual form - tasks are selected taking into account the activity and personal characteristics of each student.
- Collective work basically has a coordinated interaction of all members of the lesson: teacher - student - student. This can be done, for example, during an excursion or laboratory work.
- The group form implies the division of students into separate "islands", each of which is engaged in the study of a particular problem.
- The use of ICT (information and communication technologies) is an important part of the lesson methodology of any modern teacher.
- Energy Saving Technologies.
The GEF biology lesson plan, drawn up with a combination of the indicated methods and types of work, will be necessarily successful in implementation.
Modern biology programs
Today there are several authors who are preferred when choosing a biology textbook for the lesson. Among them are the following:
- A.I. Nikishov;
- V.V. Pasechnik;
- I.N. Ponomareva;
- N. I. Sonin;
- D.I. Treitak and N.D. Andreeva;
- L. N. Sukhorukova and others.
Each of the authors is not just a textbook, but a whole set of manuals to it. It:
- workbooks for students;
- observation diary (not at all);
- teacher’s manual;
- work program and lesson planning for the year.
Which author to choose, whose line to develop, the teacher himself chooses together with the school directorate. It is important that the chosen program in biology be relevant throughout all stages of training, so that the continuity and integrity of the perception of the material are not violated.
Technological map of the lesson: compilation
Today new Federal State Educational Standards (federal state educational standards) have been adopted and are being actively implemented . According to them, the lesson plan in biology is a technological map in which all the main stages and course of the lesson are signed. How to make it up? To do this, compose a table in which the following items will be reflected:
- Theme of the lesson.
- The purpose of the lesson.
- The planned result, in which it is necessary to describe the subject skills in one column and UUD (universal learning activities) in another.
- The basic concepts of this topic.
- Organization of space, which includes three components (columns): intersubject communications, forms of work, resources.
- The stages of the lesson, at which the teacher’s activities are clearly described, as well as the students' work in three directions: cognitive, communicative, and regulatory.
The lesson plan in biology should include the following steps in the structural construction of the lesson:
- organizational moment, including the designation of the topic and its relevance;
- goal setting;
- primary assimilation and application of knowledge, comprehension;
- class results;
- reflection;
- homework.
It is such a construction that is considered complete, reflecting all the activities of the teacher and students, the methods and types of work used, results, and the amount of material. The outline of the lesson in biology, compiled in accordance with the requirements of the GEF, implies an orientation to an active and personality-oriented approach to learning.
Lesson Analysis
In order to understand how successfully work is being carried out along the chosen line and in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, there is an analysis of a biology lesson. It allows you to identify strengths and weaknesses, weaknesses, strengths. As a result, you can adjust classes and improve their effectiveness, improve the quality of training.
Forms of analysis may be different. For instance:
- introspection;
- comprehensive analysis;
- methodological analysis and others.
You should choose depending on the purposes for which this event is held.
Modern biology teacher
Great requirements at all levels of education are presented specifically to the teacher. From the point of view of the GEF, the current biology teacher must perfectly master professional competencies. In addition, at a certain level should be his personal qualities.
The psychological portrait of the teacher is also subject to review from the point of view of GEF. Let us consider in more detail what specific competencies and traits are part of the personality of a teacher.
Professional competencies
There are 6 main ones:
- Communicative. The ability to communicate constructively, find democratic methods of constructing a conversation with students and apply them. Maintain free dialogue with parents, colleagues, management. The ability to communicate is an important link in a successful learning process.
- Professional. Naturally, a modern teacher should have a high level of knowledge in his subject, have a broad general outlook, and carry out meta-subject communication in the lesson.
- ICT competency. No open biology lesson today is complete without the use of information technology. And it is right. Our children grow up in an era when the norm for them is the constant presence of a computer in life. The teacher must be able to use this to achieve a good learning outcome.
- Management, which will allow you to implement precisely the activity-based approach to learning.
- General pedagogical. It implies knowledge of the basics of psychology and pedagogy of students.
- Reflective - the ability to soberly and competently evaluate your work, to do work on mistakes.
Personal qualities of a teacher
In addition to the indicated professional competencies, there are requirements for the teacher as an individual. It is believed that biology in a school should be taught by a person who has:
- sense of humor;
- emotionality;
- expressiveness of speech;
- creative beginning;
- organizational skills;
- discipline;
- perseverance;
- purposefulness.
In combination with professional criteria, a portrait of a modern teacher that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard is obtained.
Tests: the essence and meaning
One of the most important forms of knowledge control, which is used everywhere in every lesson, is biology tests. And this is understandable. Firstly, this test saves time in the classroom. Almost any biology lesson plan includes this form of work. Secondly, it makes it possible to cover questions with a larger volume of material covered. Thirdly, it allows to increase the accumulation of estimates. But this is not the main reason.
The form of exams GIA and Centralized Testing implies the main part in the form of a test. Therefore, it is important to prepare students in advance for this form of verification. Make sure that by the graduation class they are already fluent in writing this work and consider it common.
Tests in biology, as in any other subject, the teacher draws up on his own or uses ready-made forms from teaching aids. In any case, it is advisable to include in the questions those that are found in the examination papers. The test form itself should be as close as possible in design to that of the final certification.