Very often throughout the world you can find numerous different accumulations of water. As a rule, they are formed in the hollows of the earth's surface. Therefore, questions arise: “Ponds - what is this? What is the reason for their occurrence? ” In order to answer them, you need to get acquainted with a science such as hydrology. She studies all the possible interactions of water with the environment, as well as the phenomena occurring in it. Some results obtained by hydrologists are used in shipping and combat operations on water streams.
A pond is a place where liquid accumulates with minimal or completely absent drains. Often this place is made by artificial and natural hollows. If we take into account the broad meaning of the word, then the waters are also called seas and oceans.
Types of Ponds
Ponds are divided into several types according to various factors. According to their time of existence, they are divided into permanent and temporary. The latter arise only in a certain seasonal period for a certain period. For example, puddles and old women, which appear as a result of the spring flood of large rivers. By the method of formation, water bodies are artificial and natural. By artificial include pools, ponds, reservoirs, dams.
A pond is water that differs from each other in its chemical composition, the content of trace elements and other biological substances. One of the important indicators is the accumulation of salts. It is on this factor that the types of water bodies are determined. They are divided into fresh and salty. Each of them corresponds to a certain flora and fauna.
Lake
The lake created by nature is an accumulation of water in the deepening of the land. It has no mouth and source, and also is not any part of the oceans. The water in it is mostly stagnant, without a pronounced current. Food is mainly due to groundwater, less often rain and snow. The lake is a special reservoir. This is due to the fact that sometimes it is it that gives new life to rivers, preventing them from drying out. By its size and characteristics, the lake occupies a middle place between the pond and the sea. On the planet there are more than 5 million of these reservoirs, which generally cover 1.8% of the land.
The largest lake in the world is the Caspian Sea. It has no runoff, located on the border of Asia and Europe. Water has a high salt content, which ranges from 0.05% to 13%, depending on the area.
Old woman
Such accumulation of water is a variable phenomenon. It is usually formed during spring floods. Staritsa is located in the floodplain of the river. It is constantly being flooded. The river, changing the direction of the channel, leaves deep depressions. Subsequently, they serve as the place of origin of the elder woman. Staritsa is a full body of water. This can be argued for its characteristics and lack of flow. Often it has a shape similar to a sickle or loop. Due to the fact that the water of the river ceases to flow into the old woman, it still exists for some time as a lake. Subsequently, sand and silt are constantly brought into it, and after a certain period of time it turns into a wet meadow, a swamp or completely dries out.
Pond
A frequently encountered pond is a pond. It is created by man in order to store water supplies, which over time are used to irrigate the land, sports, sanitary needs, breeding different types of fish, birds. In them, you can often find ciliates or crustaceans. Carps, trout, silver carp and stellate sturgeon are most often bred here. As a rule, ponds are reservoirs whose area exceeds 1 million m 3 . Previously, near each village, which is poorly supplied with water resources, there was a pond, often created by the inhabitants themselves. Food is provided thanks to rain, ground, less often river waters. Sometimes ponds are used to clean nearby rivers from various kinds of pollution.
In reservoirs, biological, physical and chemical processes are carried out in different ways. This is due to the corresponding type characteristics.
Unfortunately, the view that a river is a body of water is erroneous. She is a water stream. The main difference is that in all streams there is a current, which, in turn, affects the formation of the plant and animal world.