Not everyone likes to learn. But despite the attitude to this process, it is vital for everyone. The education system is responsible for the training and all the nuances associated with it. In order for her to fulfill her task as best as possible, monitoring is necessary . What is it and what does it eat with? Let's find out!
Features of the Russian education system
To continue to exist, any country must take care of the upbringing of the younger generation. After all, it is precisely in the future that it will take responsibility for all important areas, replacing its parents in this post. Therefore, in each state, its education system is actively developing.
In the Russian Federation, its purpose is to educate and educate each individual citizen. He should not only master general knowledge and skills, but also acquire professional skills that he will realize for his own benefit and for the benefit of the whole society.
It is noteworthy that the Russian education system provides for not only intellectual development, but moral and physical. That is, ideally, having passed all the levels, the student should become a sort of Alisa Selezneva from the stories of Cyrus Bulychev: an educated athlete with high morality, ready to stand up for the defense of the myelophon from space pirates with his chest.
And if without jokes, then in practice it is rather difficult to educate such a universal student. And not only because diverse giftedness is not found as often as we would like. The main problem is the banal lack of time for all this. Indeed, in order to carefully study any of the subjects, you need to sit a lot on books, even to the owner of a fantastic memory. After all, just knowing something is not enough, you need to be able to operate on the collected information, that is, acquire skills, and for their formation, constant repetition is necessary, which again brings us to time for all this. And the student, littered with several subjects at once, does not have so much. In fact, in order to carefully understand any of them (and not at the level of "memorized-passed-forgotten"), one has to neglect others.
And it turns out that the wagon, which the modern education system is able to create, often has only superficial knowledge, often not backed up by skills. At the same time, a professional, as a rule, knows little except his own sphere, like Sherlock Holmes, who does not know that the Earth is round and revolves around the Sun, and not vice versa.
This problem is not new and is characteristic not only of the education system of the Russian Federation, but also of other countries of the world. Unfortunately, she has not yet found a solution, so I have to work with what is. Moreover, the very idea of ​​educating a diverse personality is simply magnificent and this ideal, albeit unattainable, encourages many students to work hard on themselves and reach unexpected heights.
What is the Federal State Educational Standard
What exactly an ideal universal student should become in each country determines a particular educational standard. It describes the result that the educational process should achieve, as well as methods that are designed to help educators in this noble cause.
To implement these standards, certain educational programs are being developed, which, for convenience, are divided into levels (from simple to complex) and directions (specialization).
In Russia, such a standard is the Federal State Educational Standard, or the Federal State Educational Standard.
In fact, the program of each educational institution should be created taking into account the requirements of this document. They fall into three broad categories.
- Requirements for the structure of basic educational programs. This is not only about the content of the educational process (compulsory and optional subjects), but also the amount of workload (how many hours a week a student of which class should be engaged in), etc. Simply put, this is what they teach and how often.
- Requirements for the conditions for achieving the standards of GEF. This is how and by whom the training is carried out.
- Requirements for the results - that is, this is a list of what the student had to learn.
Educational levels
So, we figured out the features of the educational system of the Russian Federation and the document that defines its essence. Let's find out about the educational levels that make up the programs.
They are divided into such groups:
- The general.
- Special (professional).
- Additional.
In turn, each of these groups is divided into additional levels. It is worth noting that, in most countries, they are very similar to each other, especially with regard to school.
So, the levels of general education are as follows:
- Preschool. It applies to children from 1.5, to 6-7, and sometimes 8 years. These are kindergartens of various orientations.
- Primary school (grades 1-4). At this level, children are trained from 6 to 10 years.
- Secondary school (grades 5–9), in which students must acquire basic general education. At this level, students are on average between the ages of 10 and 15-16.
- High school (grades 10-11) is the final stage of general education, its main goal is to prepare students for admission to the university.
Having considered the levels of general education, it is worth moving to a special one. However, first we recall that in the Russian Federation after graduating from the 9th grade of high school a student may not go to the senior, but immediately “jump” to a special level by entering a technical school, college or lyceum at the university. After studying there for 2-3 years, he can also go to college or go to work if he has received a profession.
Whatever choice is made, in any case, the student will have to study at one of the levels of special education.
- Secondary, it can replace a high school (if it is a preparatory high school at the university) or give a working specialty (if it is a college, vocational school and the like). As a rule, they study here from 15-16 to 18 years.
- Higher Undergraduate. Education here lasts 4 years, after which a diploma is issued, and the graduate either continues to study or goes to work. You can get to this level either from the previous one or after graduating from high school.
- Specialist or graduate. Education here lasts an average of 5-6 years. After graduation, the student receives a diploma testifying to complete higher education.
- Graduate or doctoral studies. Training of highly qualified personnel. Not required.
Additional education is concomitant. This includes all sports sections, hobby groups, various training courses and programs, as well as private business schools and the like. Unlike the levels mentioned above, the content of the curriculum here is far from always strictly complying with GEF. This level is divided into two categories.
- Additional education for children and adults as a hobby.
- Additional vocational training.
What is monitoring?
Having figured out the education system and its levels, it is time to learn about such an important component of it as monitoring. This term was borrowed from pedagogy from sociology. The general meaning of this noun is a system of organization, collection, processing, analysis, storage and dissemination of information on some issue.
When it comes to monitoring at school, the data with which he operates is all related to the assessment of the educational process in general and all its participants in particular. The current and future state of the education system directly depends on the results.
Why spend it
What are the goals and objectives of monitoring? To understand them, it is worth recalling the definition of this concept.
So, collecting and analyzing information about students' assimilation of knowledge and the most effective teaching methods used by teachers, it is possible to understand the real state of the entire educational system. This is the main goal of monitoring at school.
Moreover, the data collected makes it possible to soberly assess the success of a particular educational strategy and “tell” in which direction you need to move on. Monitoring also helps to identify positive innovations of educators and their distribution among others.
It is important not to forget that, as in all other educational fields, in this one it is always necessary to correlate all actions with the Federal Standard. Indeed, the data obtained through proper monitoring can not only show how successfully the educational ideal of the Federal State Educational Standard is being implemented, but also point out flaws in it. Which is especially important.
To achieve the aforementioned goals, each educational institution formulates its own smaller, but clear tasks. This helps to monitor the school in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard.
The following is a list of such tasks.
- Development of methods for collecting information.
- The collection itself.
- Development of a computer basis for information and generalization, classification and initial analysis of the collected information.
- Processing, adjustment and input of information obtained as a result of monitoring into the system.
- Primary analysis and classification.
- Identification of the main trends in the development of the education system in the school, in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
- Forecasting, as well as reporting based on collected and analyzed data.
- Highlighting the most typical signs of success / failure of organizational and managerial activities in an educational institution based on data.
- Improving the technology for monitoring the education system in the school.
In practice, all of the above goals and objectives are based on three components.
- Monitoring the professional success of each of their teachers individually.
- Monitoring the success of each student individually and the class as a whole.
- Monitoring the success of the administrative apparatus of an educational institution. The last component is far from always highlighted, since it is believed that the digestibility of the program by students, in the majority, depends on the skill of the teacher. However, this is not always the case. After all, a teacher is not a robot in order to remain a professional, he needs to constantly improve his own knowledge and professional skills, and for this he needs time. Therefore, it is the school’s administration that is responsible for the effective organization of the educational process so that the teacher has time for self-training and attending various seminars, etc.
The second aspect for which the administration is responsible is the material and technical equipment of the school. And although this is not the main thing in the educational process, you must agree that the use of posters, tables or video materials will help to better absorb knowledge.
Based on these arguments, a full-fledged monitoring in the school is impossible without the inclusion of the administrative and administrative apparatus in the sphere of its interests.
Who conducts such studies
Different people are involved in this process. Student success data is collected by their educators. In the future, they are considered by their methodological associations, and at this stage they study not only the success of schoolchildren, but also the merits of their mentors in this.
In the future, through the administration, the results are sent higher, forming statistics of performance.
What does monitoring the development of the main educational program under the GEF consist of?
Monitoring education quality management , as a rule, analyzes the success of the entire educational institution. It is carried out in four categories.
- Psychological and pedagogical support. The study of this aspect began relatively recently. It is very important because it takes into account interpersonal relations in the classroom team, as well as between the teacher and the student. It is no secret that the psychological state greatly affects academic performance. In addition, in high school and high school, the psyche and value system of a teenager undergo serious tests. Often it is the teacher who becomes the beacon that is able to show the right path for his ward. Therefore, the collection of information on this aspect is today mandatory when conducting monitoring at school.
- The study of subject results. This is the most familiar sphere of control for all. In this case, monitoring is carried out of the knowledge that the student has acquired over a certain period of time. For example, during his studies in grade 1, student A. learned to read at a speed of 60 words per minute and count to 20. In addition to the achievements of A. and his classmates, the teacher’s successes are also considered in this category.
- Monitoring the formation of UUD. A distinctive feature of modern FSES is its focus on results. So, not only the knowledge acquired by the students, but also the ability to apply them in practice, that is, the formation of universal educational actions , is at the forefront . Monitoring of ECM begins in elementary school, and later in secondary and high schools. His main goal is not just monitoring the success of the baby, but also studying the level of his development and the problems that arise in the process. This helps to adapt the curriculum as much as possible so that it is easier to learn. In addition, the monitoring of the UUD helps various subject teachers to coordinate their actions. In order not to repeat the same thing 10 times as their colleagues, but to form new knowledge and skills, based on what the students have already been taught by others.
- Monitoring the effectiveness of extracurricular activities. Research data from this category helps not only to assess the interests of students outside the compulsory subjects, but also to understand whether enough time is allocated by the program. For example, the results of monitoring at a school in the city of A. show that among 20 students in grade 8 A, 15 received “excellent” per year. At the same time, in 8-B out of 20 guys, only 7 have five. They have one teacher. After studying extracurricular activities, the audit found that almost the entire 8-A goes to classes in the mathematical circle at school, while only a few people attend the 8-B. Thus, it is concluded that for the full assimilation of educational material, children simply do not have enough time in the lessons, which means that when planning the program for the next year, additional hours must be allocated for studying this subject.
Types of control during monitoring
The collection of necessary data is carried out through three types of control.
- Current - operational and dynamic verification at the beginning of the study of the material. This is usually a stand-alone or oral survey. It is of particular value to the teacher in order to control the level of assimilation of knowledge on the topic and, starting from this, organize the further educational process.
- Thematic - aims to test knowledge after completing the study of a major topic. It is realized in the form of control, sometimes it is oral.
- The final. Held at the end of quarters, semesters, or the entire school year. Allows you to explore the level of assimilation of significant parts of the program.
Conditions
For effective, and most importantly, reliable monitoring during its implementation, the following conditions are necessary.
- Stable infobase.
- Expert evaluation of the collected data over a long period of time.
- Visibility in the form of graphs, charts and the like.
Methods
The monitoring program in high school and other educational institutions provides for the use of various forms of control and methods for this purpose.
All of them are divided into two categories.
- Formalized: tests, oral and written surveys, independent and control.
- Unformalized are conversations, observations, quizzes, contests, quests and the like.
As a rule, monitoring is carried out by students, classes and schools. It is their success / failure that also allows us to study the work of teachers and the entire administrative apparatus.