The process of architectural integrated design should be dynamic and take into account all construction technologies and systems, including the urban dimension. Urban planning entities establish not only the rhythm of the future gradation of design, but also the sequence of its creation. Design towards sustainability is design with an integrated approach. This article discusses the theme of the emergence of urban art. An integrated approach to building design is being studied. In particular, it is about integrating sustainable aspects into the architectural design process.
How did the direction of integrated construction originate?
When the forms of architecture for integrated design and construction were limited to materials and methods of construction, aesthetic principles were narrowly defined by the successors of Vitruvius. In the modern era, much more forms can be created, and the choice or invention of these forms can give a wider range of meanings.
The choice of traditional forms is, of course, possible and may follow or violate the principles of many architectural styles that followed Roman classicism. The choice of integrated design shows the intention of continuity of life and buildings of the selected period, and a misinterpretation of the principles can be considered as a manifestation of bad taste.
Stylistic innovations in the forms of construction
Modern architecture suggested breaking with stylistic traditions and inventing something new, some of which came from precedent movements such as the Bauhaus, others from the work of influential architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe. Others found opportunities in folk architecture, norms and rules for designing complex structures, design methods, or abstract new forms.
The choice of specific forms gives us meaning, no matter what choice is made.
- A glass building can, for example, mean transparency and honesty, while an opaque building means privacy and concealment.
- Tall buildings have always been an expression of power; colorful buildings can mean frivolity and a fad.
- The activity of the building can be shown or hidden, as well as the means by which the building works, such as construction and mechanical systems.
New developments in the field of architectural tools, including sustainable integrated design, the emergence of building science and building information modeling (BIM), all lead to a new understanding of design and construction processes, and aesthetics are often reviewed. Since necessity is the source of invention, scarcity can also be inspiring. Due to the lack of high-quality and large lumber for the frame, combined with the growing costs of steel and concrete, new technologies for the production of laminated lumber have been developed.
As you know, the system of frame structures made of glued beams (CLT) has increased its popularity and recognition as an alternative to traditional methods of construction. The impact on aesthetics can be seen on large spaces and planes of wood layers that convey strength and delight. This diversity can be seen in the example of four construction projects (photo below).
Modern design of an ocean lab. The construction of the facility took place at the beginning of the 20th century.
The end of the XX century - the construction of a base for a complex mediocre approach. The building withstands seismic activity up to 10 on the Richter scale.
The typical structure is representative of the neocolonial design style. Done in integrated development technology.
An old building built in the era of classicism. Almost 20 years were required for its construction, which indicates the impossibility of consistent design from start to finish.
A variety of areas in the complex of approaches in creating projects
Modern culture advocates a variety of styles, even in cases of historical preservation. It also encourages the development of new architectural languages. In response to this openness, designers agree that aesthetically successful architecture comes from integrated design. Having correctly formulated the goal of the project, searching for inspiration within the framework of program requirements and participating in system-wide design reviews, the architect most effectively comes to a solution that is as exciting as cost-effective, safe, sustainable, affordable.
In a significant part of modern architecture, the concept of expressive exteriors is softened by new materials, such as:
- high-performance glass that conveys literal openness in the era of digital communications over the Internet;
- alternative roofing technologies that can expand living space to the upper parts of buildings;
- proof of green spaces that can hold storm water and offer new amenities.
Returning to Vitruvius, we can conclude that his three architectural standards complement each other. Good architecture gives useful, humane and economical results, the building expresses these qualities regardless of style.
The fully integrated building promises to be durable, which Vitruvius never expected: it will inspire the community to find ways to use it, even if the original program is no longer relevant.
The introduction of new complexes to expand the consciousness of architectural orientation
Taking into account the integration, the architect makes aesthetic decisions in full cooperation with the client, users of the building, other consultants and the public. Therefore, it is important that the client and users of the building are well aware of the possibilities of architecture and the stages of construction in the integrated design of systems. They can help the design team create a building that meets most needs.
New building techniques
One way to get acquainted with the possibilities of the architectural commission is to study a number of buildings of the same type. In addition, this branch of WBDG will help those who are not familiar with the terminology of architectural design to understand the basic processes, methods and language by which architectural concepts become reality:
- Understanding the language and design elements. Architects use specific terminology to describe the fundamental elements of a building and assess the quality of its design. The client’s fluency in this dictionary improves the architect’s use of the elements that he represents.
- Implementation of the integrated design process - the integrated process of integrated design of objects combines many disciplines that form the building.
- The sequence of steps can provide an orderly flow for this dialogue, and the full and constructive participation of all members of the development and delivery team will provide the best results.
Design award programs developed by professional societies, the federal government, and industry trade associations provide additional insights into the aesthetic values at this point in history.
Design and Engineering Approaches
The function of the building is responsible for the shape of its plan, while its architectural style expresses the spirit and culture to which the building belongs. As for the structural system and building materials, they represent the construction technology used and the degree to which benefits are derived from what is new in the field of science:
- The design approach represents the principles on which the design, construction and operation of a building will depend. This inevitably indicates how far the building interacts with the emerging problems around it in all their environmental, economic, social and scientific aspects.
- Consequently, the approach to design can be seen as a moral obligation, collective sensations and an integral responsibility of the architect in relation to the main problems of the society in which he lives.
- An architect’s interest in Egypt’s design approach is a promising tool for creating a vibrant social architecture that interacts with global challenges and plays a role in promoting architecture in the country without violating the needs of Egyptian cultural identity.
Educational approach in the construction of buildings
Three main factors influenced the development of educational approaches in the 21st century:
- information and communications technology (ICT) revolution;
- sustainability;
- globalization.
An architectural product in the 20th century suffered from many problems that led to its deviation from complex architecture.
Problems in transition from one design style to another
Chief among these problems are the lack of identity, loss of perspective vision, lack of understanding of the problems associated with architecture among many architects, as well as ignorance of what's new in modern technologies related to the field. The result was a production of architecture that does not respond to either the environment or the modern one.
All these problems arose due to many shortcomings, both professionally and legislatively.
Education in architecture: impact on the development of the construction industry
However, undoubtedly, such problems arose due to the weakness of university architectural education. The process of integrated building design and preparatory work is clearly manifested in the imprudence of studying design approaches, especially environmental ones, which should be done. On the one hand, much attention was paid to the study of functional aspects in theories of architectural courses, practicing them in design projects, studies.
According to the laws of some architectural departments, the center for integrated design, departments do not have independent courses to study such approaches, while in some other faculties they study by choice.
Why is it impossible to plan one approach?
Many of the approaches to integrated design in Moscow are similar in their principles and goals, as a result of which some architects, as well as students of architectural faculties, may experience confusion. Lack of time is allotted to the study of all approaches to design due to its various principles and goals and its relationship with other scientific areas.
Interest in one approach to integrated engineering design at the expense of others may lead to the fact that the main focus will be on specific issues that ignore others or less interest in their studies, which deprives them of the proper share of both theoretical and practical training in the future during architectural design .
Profession or training for her?
The lack of integration between the curricula of many departments of integrated building design affects it, either horizontally at the same level between theoretical courses and a design studio, or vertically at the level of various sciences with their successive levels. Students study narrow areas in separate engineering structures.
Even if such approaches are studied, they are done separately in theoretical courses, and are not used in student architectural projects. This may explain the breakdown between the architectural product in Moscow and the problems that are addressed by these approaches from an environmental, economic and social point of view.