The flower is a modified shortened shoot that is adapted to form spores, gametes (germ cells) and cross pollination. After this process, seeds and fruits are formed. Flowers, whose structure is quite simple, are a very interesting object of study in biology.
Structural features
From the point of view of the scientific approach, each plant is a whole system that exists by its own rules. The flower structure has the following. Their stem part is a combination of the peduncle and the receptacle on which the leaves are located (they are scientifically called flower beds). Sepals, stamens, and pistils, as well as petals, are classified as flower beds. Most often, these components are located around the center in several rows. If the plant has both stamens and pistils, then they are called bisexual, or hermaphrodites. Dicotyledons have either stamens (in this case a male flower) or pistils (we are talking about a female variety).
Perianth is another component that flowers have. Its structure is such that it acts as a kind of plant protector and the main attracting pollinators. Perianth can be of different colors (in this case it is double), and can be painted in just one color - in this case they speak of a simple variety. The stamen, which is the male part of the plant, includes a stamen filament and anther. In the very center of the flowers is a pistil (by the way, there may be several of them). Its composition includes ovary, column and stigma. Features buildings the flower is such that the stigma is involved in the release of sticky fluid, with which pollen grains are captured and retained. Thus, each flower consists of:
- pestle;
- stamens;
- corolla;
- petals;
- sub-levels;
- receptacle;
- nodes;
- internodes;
- pedicels.
Flowers, the structure of which may differ, vary depending on the number of parts, their location and shape. For example, plants having stamens and pestle at the same time are called bisexual. If there is either a stamen or a pistil, then the flower is scientifically called same-sex. A plant may consist of several flowers that are collected in inflorescences, and may be solitary. Of course, in the presence of inflorescences it will be pollinated faster, while the flowers will be less damaged as a result of exposure to adverse environmental factors. Inflorescences, in turn, can also be of two types: simple (the flower is located on the main axis) or complex (there are flowers of several orders).
Biology defines the structure of a flower as a complex apparatus, in which all its components participate immediately. For example, when pollen matures, the anthers begin to burst, with the result that the pollen is on the stigma of the pestle. This is where pollination takes place. By the way, it can occur crosswise, which is most common, but sometimes self-pollination also occurs. A feature of the cross method is that pollen is carried by wind, water, insects, birds and so on.