When entering first grade, the requirements for the child are quite serious. In recent years, the Soviet Union and the first decade of independence were marked by the preservation of traditions and teaching standards of earlier periods. Gradually, the need for reforming the school curriculum matured.
School enrollment
At the moment, the child is not officially presented with special requirements for skills and abilities when entering first grade. Nevertheless, at almost every school, at every children's club, there are courses for the preparation of first-graders. In kindergartens, the last year of study is also combined with the period of preparation for studying at school. In order to get to a good teacher in a better school, a child must be able to read, write elementary words, add, subtract and reason when entering. Mastering these skills can be delegated to teachers, but you can also independently master the necessary training with your child.
Math requirements
The child already takes an account at an average of four years. By this age, he is able to count objects and name their number. By grade one, the child should also add numbers in the mind within ten. Be able to write these numbers and subtract. In addition, the preschooler must know the composition of the number. How to explain the composition of numbers to a child? In fact, it is not so difficult. The composition of the number is at least two numbers, when added together, the initial number will be obtained. How to explain the composition of the number to a child? To begin with, you should understand this definition yourself.
The composition of the number on sticks
How to explain the composition of the number to a child? You can take ordinary counting sticks. They are sold at any stationery store. For example, how to explain to the child the composition of the number 5? You need to take five sticks. Desirable one color. From five sticks set aside one and count the remaining ones. It turns out four sticks and one. Here are four and one - this is the composition of the number five. Next, you should shift one wand to one wand. It turns out three sticks and two. Thus, three and two are also the composition of the number five. Next, shift one more wand. It turns out one and four. It is also the composition of the number five.
How to explain to a child the composition of numbers: option two
You can take a piece of paper and a pen. How is it possible to explain to the child the composition of the number with their help. Any number should be written on the sheet. For example, seven. You must write in the middle of the line. From the seven you need to draw two arrows down. Under one write the numbers from one to six. Under the other - the same thing, but in reverse order. Get two columns with numbers. Opposite the six, there will be one, opposite the two - five, opposite the three - four and so on. Between the numbers should be added. It will become clear that the seven consists of the sum of one and six, the sum of two and five, three and four, and then down the list. In such a simple way, the seven becomes decomposed into two numbers, in the amount of which they give the initial value.
How to explain to the child the composition of the number up to 10?
A variant with a house is also very suitable for explaining. How to explain to a child the composition of numbers using this technique? It is necessary to draw a house on a piece of paper. In the triangular roof, you must write the number ten. The main part of the building must be divided into two halves vertically. Next, the house must be divided into ten floors. In the left column, you should write numbers from zero to ten, in the right column, respectively, in the reverse order. It turns out that zero and ten coexist on one floor, one and nine on the next, then two and eight, and so on. Such houses are very visual and can be made for any number up to ten. It is possible and more, but not advisable.
Houses can be drawn together with the child. You can decorate them or even make an application. Here, everyone is guided by their own imagination. These images can be taken with you to school or to preparatory classes. An interesting option for making a house will be a craft with windows that open. It is a little more difficult to make, but the child will perceive this method of explanation as an exciting game.
First, you need two identical sheets of paper. One draws a house with floors. In each of them, an opening window is cut out. This sheet with the image of the house should be glued to the second sheet. Here you need to be careful. Windows should not be glued to the second sheet. In each window you should write the desired number. Windows can be closed. The child himself must remember the figure hidden in the window.
Scores
Another simple way to explain the composition of numbers is through regular scores. Now this tool is not very popular. This is due to the high availability of electronic computing tools (calculators). However, they can still be seen in small counter-type shops. On each wire there are ten knuckles in the scores. Moving the bones from one edge to the other, you can also visually learn the composition of the number ten. On the accounts, you can also very well learn the addition of numbers from one to ten.
Dominoes and buttons
Using domino bones, the composition of the number up to six can be explained. You don’t have to draw anything, the dots are already plotted. The convenience of this method is that with the help of dominoes you can begin to explain the composition of the number much earlier than such a need arises. Almost all mothers play in children's dominoes with kids. About five years, you can safely introduce a child not only to the game, but also to the composition of the number.
Buttons or beads are another handy material for exploring the composition of the number. The advantage of beads is that they look the same. If there are no beads, then you can use the usual buttons. The principle of acquaintance is the same as with the use of counting sticks. You should buy the same buttons in advance. You can use what is at hand at home.
What is the composition of a number for?
In addition to the fact that the composition is needed for studying at school, it has a very important applied value. With it, we in our mind produce elementary actions of addition and subtraction. The ability to decompose a number into components allows us to add and subtract within a thousand. Understanding the principle of decomposition into component numbers is very important in everyday life.
There is even an addition table. It can be up to ten, up to twenty and up to one hundred. Such tables are best memorized as a multiplication table. Any simple arithmetic operations are based on the decomposition of a number into its composition. Despite the abundance of calculators in the modern world, the need for counting mentally still does not disappear. Sometimes the speed of counting in the mind is ahead of the search and use of computing tools. Yes, and memory training has not hurt anyone.