Blood is a biological fluid that consists of plasma and shaped elements. It is a connective tissue circulating through the vascular system with the help of rhythmic contractions of the heart muscle. Blood volume depends on age and gender. There are a number of pathologies that lead to a change in the composition of the biological fluid. One of the innovative methods of restoring physiological parameters is extracorporeal hemocorrection.
What kind of procedure?
The essence of the method is based on a complex of modern methods of blood purification not in the human body, but outside it. Roughly speaking, they take blood from a patient, cleanse it of excess pathological microorganisms, cholesterol, metabolic products, toxins, antigens and antibodies, and then return it to the body.
Extracorporeal hemocorrection of blood allows you to change the following indicators:
- cell composition;
- electrolyte ratio;
- the number of protein structures;
- enzyme composition;
- immune indicators.
Extracorporeal hemocorrection is carried out by transferring biological fluid with all its shaped elements or only plasma through special circuits of blood circulation of the membrane, centrifuge, sorption type.
History of the procedure and stages of development
Extracorporeal hemocorrection of blood, the price of which depends on the method used, found its beginning in the most common bloodletting. Previously, this method was considered help in the following endeavors:
- relief of dizziness;
- headache elimination;
- removal of poisons and other toxic substances;
- elimination of the action of infectious agents;
- pressure reduction;
- relief of symptoms of fever.
There was a rational grain in this method: the doctor reduced the volume of circulating blood, which caused a decrease in pressure and a decrease in the concentration of pathological agents. But in parallel there was a decrease in the number of formed elements and proteins, which negatively affected the patient's condition, exacerbating the therapy process.
The first attempts to "launder" the elements of blood and plasma with their return appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, but they became successful only from the 50s. The first autonomous blood cell separator was patented in the late 60s in the United States. From this moment, the active phase of innovations in the field of hemocorrection began.
Features and risk of the method
Extracorporeal hemocorrection is based on the distillation of the patient’s blood through a special apparatus, which includes microfilters. Further, the biological fluid is saturated with elements whose level is insufficient, but the body needs them for proper functioning. Connective tissue is returned back to the bloodstream of the patient.
Any manipulations with biological fluids are associated with certain risks. For the extracorporeal hemocorrection procedure, they are as follows:
- possible infection with infectious diseases (hepatitis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus);
- allergic reactions to the ingestion of foreign proteins or uniform elements, which is manifested by itching of the skin, lowering blood pressure, muscle pain, chills, rash of the type of urticaria;
- thromboembolism of the main arteries ;
- hemorrhagic syndrome - increased bleeding of the mucous membranes against the background of changes in hemostasis;
- air embolism occurs against the background of air entering the system of the apparatus, and subsequently into the circulatory system of the patient.
Indications for the procedure
Extracorporeal hemocorrection, reviews of which indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method, has the following indications in various fields:
- Cardiology: coronary heart disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis.
- Rheumatology: antiphospholipid syndrome, vasculitis, arthritis, scleroderma, periarthritis nodosa, dermatomyositis.
- Toxicology: intoxication of any genesis, alcoholism, drug addiction, radionuclide and radiation exposure.
- Gynecology: gestosis, rhesus conflict, urogenital infections.
- Endocrinology: diabetes mellitus, thyroid pathology.
- Neurology: multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson's disease.
- Dermatology: psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatitis.
- Pulmonology: bronchial asthma, pneumonia, lung abscess.
- Gastroenterology: dysbiosis, liver pathology.
- Urology: glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure.
Overview of the methods used
All methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, as, indeed, any medical manipulation.
Lymphocytapheresis is a manipulation of extracting cytotoxic lymphocytes from the blood, carrying out photopheresis and their activation by interleukin cytokines. The price of the service is high - from 28 thousand rubles.
Plasmapheresis is an extracorporeal hemocorrection method, the price of which varies from 3 to 12 thousand rubles. Its peculiarity lies in the collection of blood from the patient, its division into uniform elements and plasma. The shaped elements return in an unchanged state, and autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, toxins and metabolic products are eliminated from the plasma.
Hemosorption is a method of purifying blood using sorbents. These substances absorb toxins and poisons. As sorbents, activated carbon or ion-exchange resins can be used . The method is used in the following conditions:
- drug poisoning (barbiturates, Elenium, Noxiron);
- intoxication with poisons of chemical production;
- liver damage;
- systemic diseases and dermatological pathologies (systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis).
The price of the procedure is from 4 to 12 thousand rubles.
Photopheresis is a method based on exposure to long-term ultraviolet rays on blood components before reinfusion. The average price of a service is 35 thousand rubles.
Immunosorption is the removal of antibodies or antigens from the blood when it is passed through an immunosorbent. The concentration of uniform elements and plasma parameters remains unchanged. Used for kidney diseases, allergies of various origins, autoimmune pathologies. This method is widely known in foreign clinics and hemocorrection centers.
Cryoapheresis is an extracorporeal hemocorrection, the price of which varies from 6 to 14 thousand rubles. The course of manipulation is similar to plasmapheresis. Cryoprecipitate, which may contain a certain amount of viruses, immunoglobulins, bacteria, fungi, is removed from the cooled and centrifuged plasma.
Cascade filtration is a method based on passing blood plasma through membrane filters. The biological fluid is purified from bacteria, viruses, fats, fibrinogen, immunoglobulins. As a result, the purified plasma is returned to the owner. The price of the procedure is up to 55 thousand rubles.
Contraindications
Extracorporeal hemocorrection has a number of contraindications. Absolute include the presence of bleeding at the moment or in the history of the last few weeks, the presence of a foci of purulent infection in the body, allergic reactions to those components that are used during the procedure.
Relative contraindications:
- decompensated diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
- low blood pressure;
- moderate to severe anemia;
- hypoproteinemia;
- exacerbation of inflammatory processes of the venous system;
- state of intoxication;
- infectious diseases in the acute stage;
- mental disorders;
- menstruation;
- early pregnancy.
Patient preparation
Without fail, the indicators of general clinical tests, blood coagulation, the presence of infectious diseases (HIV infection, syphilis, hepatitis) are determined.
The patient becomes familiar with and signs an agreement on the procedure. The patient’s body does not need other special preparation. If necessary, take laboratory material for diagnostic purposes before the manipulation itself, you need to abandon the morning meal.
Procedure
Center for extracorporeal hemocorrection - a medical and diagnostic institution, whose specialists are involved not only in the procedure of purification of blood and its components, but also in the following activities:
- carry out laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of diseases;
- use all kinds of treatment methods, including T-cell vaccination;
- have day and round-the-clock hospitals;
- Develop comprehensive treatment programs.
It is in such specialized institutions that blood purification procedures take place. The patient is injected with a needle into a vein. During the manipulation, the patient can watch TV, listen to the radio, read a book or magazine, talk on the phone. It creates an atmosphere of calm and relaxation.
After the manipulation, the hand is bandaged so that a hematoma does not form at the puncture site, the patient remains under observation for 1-2 hours. Then he can leave the clinic. The duration of the procedure and the required amount is determined by the attending specialist, controlling the laboratory parameters in dynamics.
Reviews
According to reviews, this procedure is very difficult, but the result is worth it. Joint pains with arthritis pass. Positive results have been reported in people with inflammatory bowel disease.
Conclusion
Blood purification methods use innovative modern technologies, however, due to the high cost of some procedures, they are not used everywhere. In foreign countries, hemocorrection is a more common and widely known manipulation that allows you to restore health and maintain a high level of its performance.