Transportation of heavy cargo in the modern economy is extremely popular, because it requires transportation of various construction, agricultural, military and other equipment, which has non-standard sizes. The specifics of this activity is the involvement of special rolling stock, compliance with the rules of transportation for such categories and taking into account the characteristics of the cargo. It is important that the whole process is organized in such a way that the devices are delivered in a form suitable for work immediately after unloading.
Oversized heavy load: general definition
Non-standard cargoes include massive and bulky objects, which, due to the characteristics of technical indicators or specific nuances, cannot be transported in a closed transport or container, as well as in other usual ways.
The main criteria for determining the class of cargo are its height, width and length. Oversized heavy cargo category includes objects that are longer than 20 meters in length, 2.5 m in width, 4.0 m in height. This list includes yachts, monuments, equipment and other goods that cannot be transported by standard methods.
Classification
Non-standard goods include various objects that differ in shape and size. Since there are a lot of oversized modifications, they are divided, in turn, into several types:
- Heavy cargo - this definition is applicable to objects that, when placed in a vehicle, exceed the critical value of at least one of the indicators for the permissible maximum mass of rolling stock or axle loads specified in the technical documentation.
- Large-sized objects are goods that exceed the permitted sizes and tolerances specified in the documents. Limit dimensions are determined after loading.
- Long cargo - an object which, after immersion in a vehicle, extends beyond the rear side by more than 2000 mm.
Bulky and heavy cargoes transported by road, taking into account the size of the vehicle, can be classified in this vein if they exceed the following parameters:
- In height - over 4 meters.
- In length - more than 20 m.
- In width - over 2.55 m.
- Hanging cargo with a tractor - more than 38 tons.
It should be noted that automobile transportation of heavy cargo is simpler because the smaller the deviation of the size of the object from standard positions.
Features
Measurement of all parameters of the transported cargo is made taking into account the dimensions of the vehicle. Also, a special permit is required to carry heavy cargo. When performing maneuvers, the current legislation must be observed, in particular, the procedure for the placement and fixation of transported objects.
All manipulations are carried out with the execution of the relevant supporting documents and the availability of permits for the transportation of "oversized". Since the organization and implementation of such activities is one of the most difficult transportation operations, we will consider the nuances and implementation of such projects.
Preparation
Transportation of heavy cargo by road requires careful preparation. At this stage, a number of mandatory factors should be considered:
- The real capabilities of logistics and transport companies.
- Technical equipment of existing vehicles, as well as lifting mechanisms.
- Equipment of the roads and routes intended for use, taking into account the passage under bridges, power transmission lines and other objects of the national economy.
Oversized and heavy cargo transportation has a lot of specific differences and nuances. Therefore, before the implementation of the project, it is necessary to ensure not only reliable securing of the cargo and measure its parameters, but also ensure the reliability and safety of transportation.
Security measures
To ensure all the necessary conditions for the transportation of non-standard goods, the following activities are carried out:
- Organize loading and unloading of mechanisms and products, including transshipment procedures.
- Strengthen bridges and pavement.
- Reconstruct partially or fully engineering communications (bridges, power lines, communication lines, etc.).
- Carry out the construction of additional bypass and access routes.
- Upgrade or create new vehicles.
- Consider the issues of the presence of gas pipelines, water systems and other pipelines along the route.
Oversized and heavy cargo transportation
Transportation of the objects in question is a laborious, complex and lengthy process. It is divided into several stages:
- Choosing a competent logistics or transport company.
- Development of an optimal route.
- Mandatory execution of the necessary permits.
- Organization of cargo escort.
You can choose special transport and the right route for the transportation of heavy cargo by road using companies that specialize in such services. They will also be responsible for the proper execution of all necessary documentation.
According to the delivery rules, the transported goods must be executed according to certain rules:
- Have a bill of lading.
- When transporting goods there should be an extract from the invoice.
- Manufacturing certificates for imported goods are required.
- Providing all required licenses and permits.
- Registration of an insurance policy if necessary.
Route selection
Bulky and heavy cargoes on roads are transported taking into account the dimensions, weight and configuration of the processed object. It is not so easy to choose the optimal route for goods that combine excess in weight and size at the same time.
The main task when choosing a route is to ensure the safety and efficiency of product transportation. When organizing transportation of non-standard goods, special attention is paid to ensuring normal and safe passage of other road users, as well as minimal damage to the road surface.
Cargoes are transported along common routes and roads, taking into account the average cross-country ability and the quality of coverage of the site. Plus, you should take into account the steepness of the slopes, the quality of asphalt, the width of the roadway, the presence of embankments and level crossings.
What to pay special attention to?
The development of the route takes place mainly taking into account the transportation of heavy cargo in compliance with the minimum delivery time. The project for the transportation of such goods includes accounting for the removal of settlements and various communications, including railway bridges and pedestrian crossings.
In addition, weather conditions, time of day and the possibility of detouring settlements are taken into account. As practice shows, the main movement should be carried out on the most unloaded roads (at night). Additional support may also be required when transporting construction equipment or other oversized cargo. Initially, the route and travel characteristics are agreed with the police.
Route planning
When developing a route for the transportation of heavy cargo, they are guided by the following parameters:
- The main technical indicators of the equipment.
- Specific features of the goods, taking into account their transportation.
- Preparation of a route indicating the organizations and persons responsible for transportation.
- A phased schedule of all operations.
- Taking into account the responsibility of organizational parties.
The carrier and the customer provide information to the respective representative offices of the road organizations. This is necessary to determine the suitability of the route of related facilities for the transportation of a specific cargo. In this operation, high-voltage wires, utilities and technical structures may interfere with travel . All this must be taken into account when developing the route, since the slightest oversight can lead to emergency situations and other problems.
After approval of the route, the following documents are issued:
- The final point of cargo transportation.
- Unloading and sorting address.
- Exact mass and dimensions of the processed objects.
- Separation of cargo according to the specification into hazardous, bulk, piece or bulk categories.
- Drawings of the landing and the cargo itself.
The remaining nuances are negotiated during the preparation of documentation and accompanying regulations.