Always and around the world, people needed blood. With extensive operations, in some cases, a plasma transfusion is necessary. Also, such material can be useful for the treatment of various ailments. It is worth noting that it is very difficult to donate blood. The rules of this procedure require the preparation and observance of a certain regime. This is what will be discussed in this article. You will find out what kind of preparation for blood donation (donation) is needed , how the procedure goes and what needs to be done after it.
Donation or voluntary blood donation
To begin with, it is worth saying a few words about this concept. Donation is the voluntary delivery of material for further use by third parties.
Most often, blood is used for transfusion, the creation of certain medications and special treatment methods. The donor is the person from whom the material is taken. It is worth noting that not everyone is suitable for this role. Some conditions must be observed.
Blood donation: preparation rules and conditions
There are several rules that are spelled out in medical law. Only with their observance can a person become a donor. Sometimes it turns out that there are much more people who want to pass the material than those who can undergo this procedure. Consider the conditions and rules of this event.
Citizenship and adulthood
Who can donate blood to? The rules require that the donor be a citizen of the country in which the procedure is carried out. In the Russian Federation, it is also forbidden to become a blood donor until the age of eighteen.
In some cases, a person can become a source of blood much earlier, but for this it is necessary to undergo additional examinations and have good reasons for such urgency.
Lack of contraindications
Before the procedure, a person always undergoes a medical examination. Blood donation (rules for women) is prohibited in case of pregnancy and breastfeeding. Also, the fair sex should not weigh less than 50 kilograms.
Blood donation (rules for all) should be carried out only with absolute physical and mental health. If you have recently had a cold, then you can become a source of blood no earlier than 2-3 weeks after full recovery. Donating blood is prohibited to persons who have not undergone a medical examination or to those who have incompatible diseases.
The first step to donation
If the donation procedure does not scare you, and you want to become a source of this material for the needs of third parties, then the first step is necessary. To begin with, you should contact a medical institution. At the reception you will be asked to fill out a formal application form. There you need to indicate your real data: age, name, citizenship, gender and purpose of delivery of the material. It is worth noting that if you want to donate blood for a certain person, then this must be indicated in this form.
Examination and analysis
Blood donation for plasma (donation) involves a small medical examination. You will be offered to donate blood from a finger. This procedure is carried out strictly on an empty stomach on a certain day. According to the results of the analysis, it will be possible to say about the state of your body. It is with this conclusion that you have to undergo a medical examination.
Conversation with a doctor
The specialist receives your analysis and compares the data with the norm. It is necessary that hemoglobin be within normal values, and there should be no white blood cells, which indicate an inflammatory process.
After that, the doctor interviews the donor. You will need to honestly answer some questions. It is worth recalling that in this conversation, medical ethics and secrecy remain. The doctor is not entitled to disseminate the information received for personal purposes. A specialist will ask you about living conditions, bad habits and past illnesses.
Do the requirements for those who are allowed to donate blood differ in different localities? The rules of Kemerovo and Moscow, Chelyabinsk and St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk and Sochi, as well as all other cities are the same throughout the country. So, donation requires a person to have no alcoholism, HIV infection, AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis and other diseases. Of course, the resulting material will be checked for the presence of these ailments, but if you know about their presence, you should immediately admit it.
Preparing for sampling
Conditions for donating blood include following a certain diet and regimen for several days. A person who becomes a source of blood should not drink alcohol in two days. It is also worth abandoning fatty and fried foods. It is necessary to limit yourself in the use of spices and salt.
For five days, you need to exclude various medications. It is strictly forbidden to use aspirin and other blood thinners. If you take a course of pills, then you need to finish it and only after that proceed to donation.
A few days before the procedure, it is necessary to lead a correct lifestyle, but you can not get carried away with physical exercises and get very tense. Try to relax more and spend time outdoors. When you come to the blood collection room, you will definitely be measured pressure, sugar level and temperature. Women will need to inform the doctor about the start date of the last menstrual cycle. Remember that you can not donate blood during menstruation and immediately after them.
During the procedure
A donor can donate up to 500 milliliters of blood at a time. During the procedure, the person should be in a comfortable position. Donor material is collected gradually. In this case, the doctor monitors the pressure and condition of the blood source.
Most often, donor rooms are equipped with special reclining chairs. It is in him that the person who donates blood sits. Before the procedure, the donor is offered to drink sweet tea and eat a small bun or cookie. Also, before the procedure, you need to drink plenty of fluids. In some cases, water is provided during sampling.
After placing the donor in the chair, the medical staff processes the skin in the elbow area. For disinfection, alcohol or iodine solutions are most often used. Next, a needle with a catheter is inserted into a vein. It is venous blood that will be the donor material. If necessary, a different puncture site can be selected, but it is preferable to use an elbow bend for this.
Blood sampling lasts from 10 to 30 minutes. When the container is full, a needle is removed from the vein, and a tight bandage is applied to this area. You can remove it only after 4 hours.
After the procedure
After donating blood, a person is offered to lie down for some more time. You can’t get up sharply, as your head may spin and your blood pressure will drop. Before releasing the donor, the doctor once again measures blood pressure and makes sure that the person is healthy.
Received blood is sent for research. Until that moment when it enters the body of another person, at least six months will pass. During this period, the material will undergo various studies. The following material collection procedure can be carried out no earlier than two months later. After the donation, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules for a few more days.
Fluid intake
Immediately after the procedure, you must start drinking water. It should be noted that the liquid should not contain gases. If desired, you can diversify the drink with compotes or juices. During blood sampling, a person loses a lot of fluid, it must be replaced as soon as possible. For several days you need to drink a lot of plain water.
Quitting alcohol
It is worth at least three days to avoid the use of alcoholic beverages. Everyone knows that ethanol promotes dehydration. The donor’s body already lost a lot of fluid. With a large amount of alcohol drunk, the consequences of donating blood will be very deplorable.
Restoration of the bloodstream
After the delivery of plasma or whole blood, it is recommended to introduce into the diet a large number of products that restore this balance. These include: fresh pomegranates, liver, freshly squeezed red juices, sea fish.
Conclusion
Blood donation is usually a positive procedure for the general condition of the body. Blood is subsequently replenished, and a person feels much better. Donate blood, become a donor!