Performing morphological analysis, it is necessary to know the signs of the verb and adjective in the participle. This topic is studied under the school curriculum in the sixth to seventh grades. We will tell you more about how not to get confused by analyzing the participle.
The hard part of speech
First you need to understand what the sacrament is. There is no consensus on this. The opinions of linguists are divided. Some believe that this is a verb form, since it is the action that is its main meaning. But one cannot deny its external resemblance to the name adjective. They answer the same question, have a common declension system, similar personal endings. Therefore, we can safely say that the participles have the signs of a verb and an adjective.
Other linguists say that the presence of a number of signs gives the right to be called an independent part of speech. Both those and others are right in their own way. Indeed, the sacrament is much controversial. For example, the opportunity to engage in participial circulation speaks of its independence. But at the same time, direct dependence on the verb does not allow us to call it independent in full.
Signs of the verb and adjective in the participle
The rule governing what features this form took from other parts of speech is uncomplicated.
The first thing to know is the origin of the sacrament. Historically, it goes back to the verb and has a number of common features with it. They are very closely interconnected. For example, from verbs of an imperfect form, we can only form participles of the same kind (read (sov.v.) - read (sov.v.).
The verb form itself has no conjugation category. However, she is very dependent on him. For example, the spelling of the suffixes of participles directly depends on it. Verbs of the first conjugation give the suffixes –usch and –yuush:) to run (1 spr. - running, build (2 spr.) - building.
As for the passive participles, it will be written here - om (s) from 1 sp. : attract - attracted, borrow - occupied . From verbs 2 The suffix –im is formed: dependent –dependent.
As you can see, the connection between these two parts of speech is inextricable, and therefore the participle is considered as a special form of the verb.
Signs of the adjective also cannot be overlooked. Firstly, it is an outward resemblance. The most common mistake of schoolchildren is the inability to distinguish one from another in appearance. The main thing is to remember that the participle is always formed only from verbs, but takes the outer shell from them.
Secondly, both of them answer the question “what?” and have almost the same endings. For example: beautiful - read, yellow - printed.
Thirdly, they have a common syntactic role - both are in most cases definitions.
View
We managed to find out what signs of the verb and adjective in the participle. More is worth stopping at each of them.
Communion takes place in the same way as verbs do.
In Russian there are two varieties: perfect and imperfect. Defining them is not difficult. One has only to ask a question to the sacrament itself or to the verb from which they are formed.
For example: swim - what to do? (nesv.v.) - floating - what does? (not due); talk - what to do? (Sov.v.) - who spoke - what did? (Sov.v.)
In fact, you need to remember one simple trick: if the question to the verb or participle begins with the letter "C", then the view will be perfect.
Return
The next sign that the participle took from the verb is recurrence. Defining it is easy. If the word has a suffix –s or its variant –s, then such a form will be called return. For example: Laughing - return, floating - non-return.
Now that we remember that the participle has the attributes of a verb and an adjective, it is worth saying that this category to them also changes as a general rule. If the verb is reflexive, then its form will surely retain this feature. If he does not have a suffix, then he will not appear in the participle either. If this rule is not observed, then an incorrectly formed form will result. You must admit that the words spinner and spinner have a completely different meaning. In the first case, an addition is required to the sacrament, for example: who has rotated someone (something ). In the second, the action returns to itself, so its face performs independently.
Remember that –– historically comes from the pronoun of self. Therefore, all participles with this meaning are called returnable.
Time
We were able to analyze in detail some signs of the verb and adjective in the participle, but that is not all. Next we look at the time category.
The participle, like the verb, has several forms. The present and past tenses can be determined not only by meaning and question, but also by suffix.
If we have the participle with the suffixes -usch, -yushch, -ash, -yash, -th, -th, -im, then it conveys the action that is happening at the moment. For example: singing, speaking, drawn, repeated, persecuted . You can substitute the auxiliary word “now” for each of them.
When we see the participles with the suffixes -vsh, -sh, -enn, -t, nn, then in this case they have the category of past tense. For example: playing, growing, brought, ground.
This verb form does not possess a category of future tense.
On this the permanent (that is, those that cannot be changed) signs of the verb and adjective in the participle end. Let's move on to the rest.
Inconsistent symptoms
Everything that the verb “gave” to its form - communion, we examined. Now it is worth saying about those that went to him on behalf of the adjective. These categories are gender, number and case. These symptoms are inconsistent and may change.
The gender of communion is easy to identify at the end. If this is the (s), then the word is masculine: falling, split.
When the ending is the second, it is feminine: the coming.
Accordingly, with inflection, the participle will be of the middle kind: brought.
The category of numbers will also not cause difficulties. If the action is performed by one person, we have a single part, and if several - a plural. For example: the seer - the seers.
The case of the sacrament, as in impr., Must be determined by the word with which it is used.
For example: a flying ball - im.p., with a burning flame - creative.p.
Parse pattern
Now that we have studied the morphological features of the adjective and the verb in the participle, we show how to disassemble it.
We are approaching a house under construction.
- Nach.forma - under construction (sign by action)
- It is formed from the verb to be built by adding the suffix –sh.
- Permanent symptoms:
- Nesov.vid
- Present (Suff. Box)
- Returnable (Suf.Sya).
4. Intermittent symptoms:
5. The sentence is a definition.