How often do we, as adults, think that the chosen profession is not quite what we would like to do. That is why we want our children to choose a field of activity for which they have a tendency, and a profession that will bring them joy. Fortunately, today there are techniques that allow you to identify the tendencies of the teenager and help him with the choice of professional activity in the future. One of them is Klimov’s technique. Its developer and features will be discussed in this article.
Start
The author of the methodology for determining the future profession is Evgeny Klimov (1930-2014). Starting from the age of 14, he became a fitter at a factory, and he ended his career as a recognized psychologist, doctor of psychological sciences, professor and academician of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the Soviet Union.
Klimov E.A. He was the leading methodologist for updating the theoretical and practical base of professional training in the Soviet Union and in the Russian Federation.
In the last years of his life, Professor Klimov worked at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University, led the project "Professions at Moscow University", in the framework of which professional information was collected on more than 200 professions. 30 options for specialization were allocated only for such a profession as a psychologist.
The author of 30 textbooks and more than 320 monographs, Evgeny Aleksandrovich was the first president of the Russian Psychological Society, founded in 1994 and uniting all the highly professional psychologists of our country.
Klimov’s methodology for determining the type of future profession (graphically expressed as a pyramid, in the illustration below) allows adolescents to familiarize themselves with the classification of professions (of which there are more than 40,000 today), determine their own preferences and navigate the choice of employment and the job that will be not just a job, but a vocation.
"Map" of professions: the first tier
In accordance with the methodology of professions E.A. Klimova, according to the object of labor, five types of professional activity are distinguished:
- Man is a technique. This cluster includes professions that are associated with the production, maintenance, design of equipment (from a hammer to space rockets). For example, a pilot, locksmith, engineer. These professions require a practical mindset, accuracy, and health.
- Man is man. In this cluster of professions, the main thing is the effective interaction of people, because the subject of work is people. These are professions that have a high social status and require patience, exactingness and the ability to control their emotions. Important personal qualities of people in these professions are an increased need for communication and a low level of aggression. For example, a doctor and medical personnel, employees of the pedagogical sphere and the service sector.
- Man is a sign. The subject of the professions of this cluster is a sign system, information in its graphic expression. For example, an economist, linguist, programmer. A professional worker is required to combine the ability to abstract from the real properties of objects with the ability to imagine and understand the real phenomena behind dry numbers. For people in this profession, rational thinking, exceptional memory, and sustained attention are required.
Tiers are more abstract
- Man is nature. From the name itself, it is clear that in this cluster there are professions in the Klimov methodology in which the main thing is not contemplative, but active and practical love of natural objects (living and nonliving). For example, a veterinarian, geologist, agronomist, ecologist or hunting expert. To become a successful professional in this field, you need to be a strong, hardy, patient, caring person.
- Man is an artistic image. This type of profession according to the method of Klimov is a sphere of fine art, music, literature, acting. These are creative professions where the presence of special abilities (talent) is a necessity.
Rarely does a profession correspond to only one of these clusters. But besides the subject of the application of efforts, there are also goals to which we strive.
Second tier: goals
According to the method of determining the types of professions of Klimov, the goals of labor are of three types:
- Gnostic (cognitive). In any cluster of the first tier there are professions designed to learn: to classify, compare, evaluate and verify. For example, laboratory biologist, test pilot, proofreader, sociologist, theater critic. The desire for knowledge, steady attention and observation, memory, developed thinking and responsibility are important personal characteristics for these professions.
- Transformative goals. These professions are associated with changes and the achievement of the final result (instant or delayed). For example, a teacher, builder, accountant, artist.
- Exactive goals, in accordance with the method of Klimov, are for professions whose job purpose is to search for new and unknown. This is a programmer, and designer, and constructor, and biologist-researcher.
The third step of the pyramid
The third step is the characterization of professions in accordance with the basic means of labor. Here, in accordance with the methodology for determining the types of professions of Klimov, four departments are distinguished:
- P - professions where manual labor is used (laboratory assistant, locksmith, paramedic).
- M - profession, where the means of labor are manual control mechanisms (driver, pilot, turner).
- And - professions where automatic systems are used (machine operator with software, system administrator).
- F - professions where invisible functional (psychological) means of labor (acrobat, conductor) predominate.
Last tier
The fourth step of the Klimov pyramid classifies professions in accordance with working conditions. It is clear that each profession presupposes the existence of certain conditions - whether it be an office or outer space.
At this level of classification of professions according to the Klimov methodology, the following groups of working conditions are distinguished:
- B - usual conditions (microclimate household). In such conditions laboratory assistants, accountants, scientists work.
- - work in the open air (installer, geologist, traffic policeman).
- N - unusual working conditions - under or above the ground, at extreme temperatures (astronaut and submariner, miner and fireman).
- M - work with increased moral responsibility for the health and well-being of people (teacher, doctor, judge) and for material values ​​(guard, military).
Profession formula
Using the described method of Klimov, any profession can be expressed in the form of a four-letter formula (figure below).
Formulas are used for ease of understanding and for a more complete understanding of the main and secondary features of a profession, because you need to choose 1 letter from each tier of classification of professions according to Klimov.
Methodology of DDO Klimov
Differential diagnostic questionnaire developed by E.A. Klimovym, includes 20 pairs with the proposed activities, from which the subject must choose one.
The questionnaire is available on Internet resources and can be used to determine the type of profession to which the subject has a tendency.
The polling time should not exceed 30 minutes. It is recommended to answer questions quickly, without thinking for a long time. You can use the differential diagnostic questionnaire individually and in a group of subjects.
These surveys can be conducted in secondary schools from grade 9. They are aimed at career guidance of young people and allow subjects to learn personal characteristics, identify interests and inclinations.
Summarize
Choosing a profession that will bring moral satisfaction and meet the needs is one of the most important decisions in human life.
Young people often do not have sufficient knowledge about the characteristics of different types of professional activity and do not take into account their personal characteristics, interests and inclinations.
The methodology for determining professional preferences, developed by Professor Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Klimov, in a friendly, relaxed and friendly atmosphere allows young people to take a fresh look at issues of professional self-determination.
But a person, by definition, works to live, but does not live to work.