The Emba training ground belonged to the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan, located in the city of the same name, assigned to the military unit 34020. It was created back in 1960, the official name is the state research testing ground of the Ministry of Defense. The coordinates are 48/46/30 degrees north latitude and 58/4/30 east longitude. The object is known as one of the best representatives of such structures in the Soviet Union, and then in Russia. Consider its features, history and transformation.
general information
The Emba training ground was intended for testing and research of the latest types of military equipment and air defense equipment , as well as for carrying out firing and exercises by units and formations of troops of various directions.
The following weapons were tested on this bridgehead:
- Missile systems "Circle", "Buk", "Cube".
- Systems "Tor", "Wasp", "S-300V".
- SAM "Tunguska".
The military camp was created as a residential and administrative center of the training ground. The liquidation of this unit occurred in 1999, after which it was redeployed to the Kapustin Yar Interspecific training ground on the basis of the SIC armament and equipment of the ground forces. The corresponding agreement was signed between the leaders of Kazakhstan and Russia.
History of creation
The Emba test site was designed in 1958 after the decision of the party’s central committee on the construction of a prototype of the Krug air defense system was issued. This document determined the main parameters of the anti-aircraft missile system, as well as the timing of the test tests of weapons. Previously, it was planned to launch volleys at the training ground in the settlement of Donguz in the Orenburg region. This site did not fit in size given the range of missiles.
As a result, the construction of a new bridgehead on the territory of the Aktobe region began. The Emba landfill area amounted to almost three million hectares. Its borders extended from the ridge of the Mugodzharsky mountains to the tract Toksanbay.
Arrangement
The total area of the facility under consideration amounted to 2960144 hectares. The distance between the western and eastern borders is about 100 kilometers. Directivity of the director - 310 km. The Emba training ground in Kazakhstan, the history of which lasted more than 35 years, was directly subordinated to the Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense. The number of the military unit is 34020.
The object is oriented, first of all, to missile tests of air defense of land units. The main goals and objectives are the introduction and testing of new weapon modifications. The residential community and administrative part were located 10 kilometers from the railway station, 200 km south of Aktyubinsk. The personnel is almost completely formed from the staff of the Donguz training ground. The day of creation of the object is May 10.
Sixties
During this period, several significant events occurred at the Emba test site:
- After the General Staff issued the directive on July 18, 1960, 1215 personnel from various districts were sent to the facility.
- At the end of July of the same year, the first geodetic and construction work began. Roshchitsky N.A. was in charge of the entire process.
- By order of the Commander-in-Chief of December 22, 1960, the state of the landfill was approved.
- The Directive of the Deputy Commander-in-Chief of 2.02 1961 determined the test base No. 2617.
- 01/30/1962 based on the mixed squadron number 321 created units in the amount of 165 OSAP and 23 OBATO.
- In July 1962, equipment and part of the personnel of test base 2617 were transferred for reinforcement.
- 1963 - the first joint trials begin. At this point, all preparatory and basic work has been carried out. In addition, the required number of residential buildings and other social buildings was erected.
- In a short period, the full infrastructure of the town was created, including the airfield. After that, a guaranteed opportunity was provided to check the most advanced electronic devices and anti-aircraft missile systems.
- By a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 3, 1967, the facility was renamed the State Research Area.
Awards
In April 1970, the Emba training ground was awarded a certificate of honor in honor of the centennial of Lenin. Another award went to the facility in May 1970, dedicated to the tenth anniversary of the organization of the landfill. The certificate of honor was issued in connection with the high performance of production activities and the successful fulfillment of obligations.
Other rewards:
- July 1970 - award from the Aktobe Regional Committee in honor of the half-century anniversary of the Kazakh SSR.
- December 1972 - Anniversary memorial sign of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (dedicated to the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the USSR).
- In early 1973, additional forces were introduced into the facility in the form of a missile division.
Where is the Emba landfill in Kazakhstan?
In Kazakhstan, the object in question was officially in 1991 (after the collapse of the USSR). This research and scientific military training ground was not equal at that time. In October 1992, air defense exercises were held on the campus’s territory under the name Defense-92. The project was led by Generals Semenov, Kokoshin and Sitnov. Complexes of the Buk, Tor, M-1, Wasp, and Tunguska type underwent testing.
In the fall of 1993, under the leadership of the Commander of the Air Defense Forces of the B. B. Dukhov, on the basis of the Emba training ground, preparations were made for the demonstration and testing of weapons systems of the air defense of air forces with combat equipment, as well as with the involvement of part of the armed forces of the Kuwaiti military army for conducting joint exercises. In October 1995, an agreement was signed between the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan on the terms of the lease and use of the complex in question.
The fate of the Emba landfill (Kazakhstan) after 1995
After the decision of the Council of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, planned exercises were held at the facility under consideration in August 1995. They received the name "Phoenix 95". Their essence was to demonstrate the existing military systems to representatives of foreign delegations.
Among those present were potential customers from India, Korea, Egypt, Hungary, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, Algeria and Vietnam. The event was led by Colonel General Karaulov. Responsible for the shooting became General Spirits. In all the action, the entire personnel of the training ground took an active part.
Further tests
In July 1996, regular military exercises were held at the Emba rocket range. The shooting was carried out by the 16th Guards Air Army under the command of General Kazatchkina. Air Defense Forces was led by Lieutenant General Avdeev. During the event, the interaction of fighter aircraft and air defense forces was worked out to repel raids. The exercises received the name "Emba-Kubinka 96".
A month later, the Tor-1 missile system was tested at the facility specifically for UAE military representatives. The work was carried out by the Emba officers and the control of the air defense center. The Tor-96 event was managed by: the chief designer of Drize, General Perevozchikov, the commander of military unit No. 64176 Ruchkin.
In October 1996, the governments of Kazakhstan and Russia signed an additional rental agreement for the test facility in question. In the 97th year, demonstration firing of air defense guns, as well as Buk-M1 anti-aircraft missile system, was carried out on its territory. This event was timed to coincide with the visit of officers and command of the Finnish Armed Forces. The general guidance of the exercises was carried out by the General of Spirits.
Reorganization
By decree of the main department of February 16, 1998, the landfill was reorganized and incorporated into the Strategic Missile Forces. In addition, it was renamed the test site No. 11 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (11 IP). On October 28, 1998, a new directive was issued, according to which the object is included in the State Interspecific Central Testing Ground in Kapustin Yar. The closed administrative unit is located in Znamensk, Astrakhan Region (military unit No. 15644).
By the decree of the first deputy of 2.07.1999, the Emba training ground, where the test work was curtailed, (military unit No. 34020) is considered disbanded, all personnel are excluded from the lists, put on appropriate allowance. The official closing date of the facility is December 10, 1999.
In conclusion
Where is Emba training ground located now? The historical form, combat banner and object awards were transferred to military unit No. 21065 as a successor. In August 1999, work began on the transfer of the facility to the territory of the Russian Federation, in Kapustin Yar. The last train with property and equipment arrived at the station on November 22, 1999. In total, six trains were required for the relocation.
On this, the history of the existence of a testing research site of national importance ends. During its existence, the object managed to earn fame during the Soviet era and after its collapse. Emba Day is considered November 22. In March 2000, a part of the support of test works No. 92936 was formed at the renovated facility. The base is subordinate to military unit No. 15644 (Kapustin Yar interdepartmental training ground). The main mission of the unit is to work on the territories of the fall of rocket parts that are launched from objects in Kapustin Yar and the Sary-Shagan test site. In November 2005, the governments of Russia and Kazakhstan signed an agreement to amend the terms and conditions of the lease of the test site, known as Emba.
In April, a similar protocol was signed providing for amendments to the terms of the lease of the facility. The testing support unit No. 5580 was disbanded on April 15, 2010, together with military unit No. 92936.