Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination: revaccination, types of vaccines, reaction

Every mother should ask herself the question: "Do I do everything possible for the safety of my child?" Many women are now refusing to vaccinate children, but what is worse: a reaction to the vaccine, which will take place in a couple of days, or a dangerous disease, the consequences of which can be unpredictable? We offer you to get acquainted with the most common vaccines and revaccination procedures for measles, rubella, and mumps.

Caution, danger!

The vaccine was invented for a reason. There are diseases from which you can expect anything. Having overcome them at a young age, you can remain disabled for life or, even worse, lose your life altogether. Girls whose mothers refused at one time to be vaccinated against rubella, measles, run the risk of getting sick during the most important period of their life - during pregnancy.

If the expectant mother passes the virus to the fetus, it can end in disrepair. In most cases, doctors insist on terminating the pregnancy, regardless of the term.

It is worth recalling that recently in Ukraine there was a major outbreak of measles, which affected thousands of children. This once again proves the fact that these diseases did not die, but are only in sleep mode. And those mothers who are afraid of vaccinations once again endanger their baby. Before mass vaccination appeared, thousands of boys remained infertile, and girls lost their hearing for life due to the disease of the aforementioned ailments.

Diseases briefly

To understand why childhood diseases are so dangerous, we will briefly consider each of them. Measles, rubella and mumps are viral infections, which means they are easily transmitted by airborne droplets. Upon contact with the patient, the chance of contracting measles is 95%, rubella - 98%, and mumps - 40%. These dangerous viruses can multiply only inside the human body.

Mumps (mumps)

The primary signs of this disease are typical of ordinary respiratory infection (ARVI): the child loses his appetite, he has weakness, his body temperature rises to 38 ° C, he may complain of a headache. These symptoms begin to occur two weeks after the virus has already entered the body.

Then within 2-3 days there is a sharp increase in temperature to 39 ° C and above and swelling of the salivary glands. The latter is the main symptom of mumps. The glands swell very much, increase by two, or even three times. Impossible to touch, very painful. Boys have swollen testicles, which can lead to infertility.

The CCP vaccine is by far the only way to prevent the serious consequences of measles, mumps and rubella. These diseases are extremely dangerous for pregnant women. Therefore, vaccinations are given in childhood, so that a stable immunity is developed to maturity.

Measles

The incubation period of measles is 1-2 weeks, during which the symptoms may not appear. The disease begins with a general malaise, a slight increase in temperature, nasal congestion and dry cough. During this period, the patient is especially contagious. Eyes can watery, the membrane is susceptible to attack by bacteria, conjunctivitis develops. Occasionally, diarrhea and abdominal pain appears.

After the first signs, secondary ones appear - a rash throughout the body. First, it is noticeable on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, on the face, behind the ears, and then spreads throughout the body for several hours.

Infant measles infection is dangerous because it has severe complications. If you are not diagnosed in time, there is a very high probability of getting bronchitis, pneumonia or encephalitis. Pregnant women should avoid large crowds and eliminate the chance of encountering a person with measles, since this disease is fatal to the fetus.

Rubella

If you get rubella in childhood, then it will pass in a mild form. But for adults it is a very dangerous virus. The disease begins with rashes on the whole body. First on the face, then on the neck, then red spots spread to all areas of the skin.

In addition, there is a temperature, headache, red eyes. The lymph nodes increase, the general condition is weak, accompanied by a cough and runny nose.

How to protect the body

Despite the fact that childhood infections are considered mild in terms of how the child tolerates them, they have serious consequences for the body. Instead of waiting until the child gets sick and develops immunity to diseases, at a young age a small amount of the active virus is introduced into the body so that the immune system works and antibodies are developed. Thus, vaccination is the main method of protection against measles, rubella, and mumps.

Protect the body from birth. Newborn babies are immune from the mother, allowing them to block many dangerous viral infections. But it is valid only up to six months. The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine is a comprehensive vaccine that helps protect a child from three dangerous diseases at once.

Vaccination schedule

The Ministry of Health has developed a recommended vaccination plan. For the first time, children are brought to the manipulation room in one year to receive an injection for measles, rubella and mumps. The vaccination schedule adopted in Russia is presented below:

1. The first time is in 12 months. Deviation of 6 months is allowed.
2. At 6 years old.
3. At 15-17 years old.
4. At 22-29 years old.
5. At 32-39 years, then every 10 years.

There are times when parents refuse to administer a CCP vaccine. Then already adult children are in even greater danger. They have not developed immunity, and the slightest outbreak of the disease can lead to unpredictable consequences. Therefore, it is allowed to administer the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine for the first time at 13 years. Then you should stick to the schedule. Revaccination of measles, rubella, and mumps will be carried out at 22-29 years to form a stable immunity, and then repeated every 10 years.

Why repeat procedures?

An adult can easily “catch” an unpleasant disease from children. It's all about our immunity. If the body has not encountered an “enemy” for a long time, then it begins to forget how it looks. In other words, antibody cells begin to disappear, being replaced by new ones with more recent information about attacking viruses. Therefore, revaccination of measles, rubella, and mumps was created in order to “refresh” the memory of dangerous enemies with immunity.

Adults need to hurry to the doctor’s office for directions if:

• in a close environment there are sick children;
• one of the relatives is ill with oncology;
• a very weak baby was born.

These precautions are needed not so much for an adult as for those with whom he contacts. After all, mothers and fathers work, are in society, where there can be potentially dangerous people. And if the parents do not get sick themselves, then there is a chance that they will become carriers of a dangerous virus to those who cannot be sick.

Revaccination of measles, rubella, and mumps should be done before pregnancy by women. Especially if pregnancy is planned in advance. With rubella, a miscarriage is likely to occur - in 95% of cases. Mumps is dangerous not so much for the child as for the newly minted mother, since she will not be able to feed him, and it is not known what neurological consequences will be after the illness.

Thus, it is obvious that the timing of measles, rubella, and mumps revaccination must be observed in order to protect yourself and your loved ones even in adulthood.

How to prepare for vaccination

Before you go to an appointment with a pediatrician, prepare your child:

• Measure body temperature, check for runny nose and cough.
• Before vaccination, you must definitely see a pediatrician who will write out the direction. Try not to queue with sick children, remember who you will be, and spend the rest of the time on the street.
• It is advisable to donate blood for analysis before the procedure.
• If the child is registered with a neurologist, you need to consult with him, you may need anticonvulsants.
• The day before should not visit crowded places.
• Try not to overfeed the child in the morning, it is better to give as much water as possible to drink.

Many mothers are interested in where they are vaccinated against measles, rubella, and mumps. At the age of one year, it is most convenient to make an injection in the leg, in a place above the knee. Older children, at 6 and 10 years old, are injected with a syringe under the scapula or on the inner surface of the right shoulder.

When measles, rubella, and mumps are revaccinated, the medicine is not injected into the gluteus muscle. This is due to the fact that in this place the muscles are strongly compressed, and absorption into the blood occurs rather slowly, which reduces the immune response.

How do children tolerate vaccination?

In different years of life, children may respond differently to the administration of the drug. A more formed body has strong protection, while a one-year-old baby is not yet ready to face dangerous viruses. Consider what vaccines give the reaction.

Measles, rubella, and mumps are live viruses that are introduced in small quantities. In fact, the child becomes infected intentionally and suffers from three diseases at once, but they pass in a very mild form and last a maximum of three days.

In a year, the baby may have symptoms of a cold: runny nose, redness of the throat, headache, general malaise, a slight increase in temperature. A characteristic sign of childhood illness is a rash, which is also likely for a post-vaccination reaction. In the place where the injection was made, the skin may turn red.

Revaccination at the age of 6 from measles, rubella, and mumps gives the same symptoms as in the first year of life. In rare cases, complications such as bronchitis or pneumonia may occur. But they appear when the child has already been vaccinated with a cold, or there was an incorrect behavior immediately after the procedure.

There are specific symptoms of a reaction to a particular component of the vaccine. Consider them.

Complications and reactions after administration of measles vaccine

Here's what could happen:

• at the injection site, a slight swelling or redness may appear, which will pass after 2 days;
• a cough may occur immediately, or maybe 6-11 days;
• decreased appetite, in which you can not force the child to eat, but you need to give a lot to drink;
• occasionally nosebleeds;
• the temperature can vary from 37 ° C to 38.5 ° C.
• measles is characterized by the appearance of rashes first on the head, and then throughout the body.

Children are all completely different, and if one child easily tolerates the vaccine, then the other may experience more serious complications. Any mother should know that this happens:

• weakening of the body as a result of frequent vomiting, diarrhea, high fever;
• any viral infection is accompanied by inflammation, which can pass into the brain, which leads to convulsions;
• an allergic reaction is not excluded, manifested not only by a rash, but also by Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock.

The response of the body to the mumps component in the combination vaccine

Mumps are most easily tolerated. Of the characteristic features - a slight increase in the parotid salivary glands, which is observed for 2-3 days, and then passes. The reaction manifests itself on the second day, less often on the eighth and very rarely on 14-16 days.

As with measles, the mumps vaccine can lead to a toxic reaction that manifests itself 2 weeks after the procedure, severe allergies, or headaches.

Body response to rubella component in combination vaccine

In children with a weak rubella virus, lymph nodes may increase, the temperature will rise, but not more than 3 days. There are rarely joint pains. More often, a rash may appear. She looks like small roseola red or purple.

What to do after vaccination?

As after any vaccination, doctors do not recommend walking a lot on this day if the weather is cold, visiting crowded places and swimming. These precautions are necessary in order not to burden a weakened body and not cause another virus attack.

If a child has no appetite, you do not need to force him to eat. General malaise and headaches plus fever - there are signs of a cold on the face. Do you want to eat when you feel bad? Not.

It is necessary to give a lot to drink warm liquids: compote, tea, water.

If the temperature is above 38.5 ° C, the child is sick, then it is worth giving an antipyretic. Be sure to give an antihistamine anti-allergy medicine a day before and after vaccination.

In serious cases with pronounced symptoms of one of the diseases, prolonged vomiting (more than three days), medical assistance and hospitalization are needed.

To whom it is contraindicated to be vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps

The ideal time for vaccinating children (measles, rubella, mumps) is when they are not bothered, and they are healthy. Children with chronic illnesses need to wait for a stable remission so that they are allowed to be vaccinated. But there are times when the procedure needs to be postponed or canceled altogether.

Permanent contraindications for vaccination :

• cases when there was a strong reaction to a previous vaccination with the manifestation of neurological abnormalities;
• immune diseases, oncological processes;
• you cannot administer a three-component vaccine to children who are allergic to aminoglycosides and egg white.

Temporary contraindications:

• chemotherapy procedures;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• viral infection of SARS or influenza;
• recent administration of immunoglobulin or blood components.

In all cases, the vaccine is postponed for several weeks or months according to the recommendations of the pediatrician.

PDA vaccine types

All modern vaccines are made in such a way that a person is guaranteed to develop immunity to dangerous diseases. The vaccine can be three-, two- and monocomponent, which suggests that they can be replaced one after the other by revaccination. Types of vaccines:

• Hervevax is a monovaccine of Belgian origin. Protects only against rubella.
• Rudivax - developed in France against rubella. The pluses are that immunity lasts for 20 years.
• Vaccine measles culture live dry. This is a domestic medicine with proven effectiveness. Antibodies develop already on the 28th day after administration and are stored in the memory of immunity for 18 years.
• Ruvax is a one-shot measles vaccine from France. The drug has proven itself in our country. It is allowed to be administered to children from ten months of age.
• Live mumps vaccine is another drug from Russia, but it protects against mumps. It has a lasting effect - immunity to the disease lasts at least 18 years.

Three-component vaccines

MMP-II. A very popular vaccine. Children can easily tolerate it, it can be administered together with DTP and ADS, the vaccine against polio and chickenpox. With it, antibodies to three dangerous diseases are produced in 98% of people. They make it in two legs at a time.

Priorix is a Belgian vaccine that, thanks to additional cleaning methods, is considered the safest. The reaction of children to the introduction of the drug is the smallest after the procedure with "Priorix". Most moms in our country prefer it. It has contraindications. You can not enter the drug in people with hypersensitivity to the egg component.

Two-component vaccines

There are imported and domestic preparations containing active viruses against two diseases. Usually this is mumps measles or measles measles. Such vaccines are not popular among doctors, since they require additional administration of a medicine against the remaining disease. They are rarely used.

To do or not to do?

After parents were allowed to refuse vaccinations, disputes began about their feasibility. The opinion of those who are in favor of vaccination:

• Vaccination is necessary in the first place in order to protect the child. And even if he gets sick, the disease will go much easier and without complications.
• If the child does not have injections, then he will attract all the sores, like a magnet.
• Generic vaccination avoids epidemics.

Opinions of those who are against:

• low quality of modern vaccines;
• serious risk of complications;
• measles, rubella, mumps are rare, and the child can avoid infection, why injure him once again with an injection;
• the danger of viral infections is exaggerated, children easily tolerate the disease.

And now we will give some statistics, comparing those who were ill without vaccination, and those who defended their body.

Unfortunately, a reaction to vaccination can cause diseases such as encephalitis. It develops in those children who have pathology of the nervous system in an open or latent form. Those at risk of too weak immunity, unable to withstand the attack of viruses, are also at risk. But the latter case is even less common. It is dangerous to vaccinate such children from any diseases.

Encephalitis occurs once per 1,000,000 vaccinated children. If a child has a stomachache for a long time or suddenly pneumonia begins to develop, then vaccination has only an indirect relation to this. Apparently, the body was already struggling with bacteria, but this did not occur, and when the attention of the immune system was switched to the fight against newly introduced viruses, previously existing bacteria began to act actively, which led to unpleasant consequences.