All the most important processes of the formation and development of our body occur in childhood. In preschool age, a child has various abilities, character traits are developed, and a moral model is emerging. At an early age, the foundations of the physiological and psychological health of a person are laid. Of particular importance in this process are health-saving technologies in preschool education, the purpose of which is to develop the physical qualities, mental and intellectual functions of the child.
Paramount tasks
In kindergarten, the average child spends most of his time. The main purpose of preschool educational institutions is not only to look after the kids in the absence of their parents, but also to prepare children for an independent life, teach them basic knowledge, skills and abilities. In this context, the attitude of educators towards the health status of their pupils and the correct use of health-saving technologies in the work of preschool educational institutions play an important role.
This term is understood to mean a system of measures to protect and promote children's health. He recently appeared in the professional vocabulary of teachers. The goals of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution have not undergone even the slightest changes over the years of their application. This is a whole system of measures to protect and promote the health of children, which has the following tasks:
- provide the child with all the conditions for the possibility of maintaining health;
- provide basic knowledge about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle;
- teach elementary skills and teach how to apply them in everyday life.
What principles are based on
Speaking about the child’s health, as a subject of health-saving technologies, they mean not only the vital activity of the organism and its physiological characteristics, but also their mental, social, moral state. Based on the goals of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution, it is easy to distinguish their basic principles:
- consistency and consistency;
- comprehensive and harmonious development of personality;
- conscious and active participation of the child;
- activity and continuity of the learning process;
- taking into account the individual characteristics of each pupil.
Classification of measures to protect and promote the health of preschool children
To date, several types of health-saving technologies are used in preschool educational institutions. These include:
- preventive and athletic activities;
- the basics of the socio-psychological well-being of a preschooler;
- valeological education of parents;
- correctional classes.
Each of the above types has its own characteristics. For example, monitoring the health of preschoolers and the organization of control in compliance with sanitary rules and norms are considered the fundamental elements of medical and preventive technologies. The goals of health-saving technologies in preschool education include the development of recommendations for optimizing the nutrition of young children and preschool children, physical education, hardening, breathing exercises, massage and other preventive measures (to prevent flat feet, the formation of proper posture).
Ensuring the socio-psychological well-being of a preschooler directly depends on pedagogical support. The teacher in the preschool educational institution must instill in the child a culture of health for the child, possess valeological knowledge, be able to give an objective assessment of their advantages and disadvantages associated with professional activities. The technology of valeological education of parents includes the design of thematic folders-movements, holding parent-teacher meetings, individual conversations, practical shows and providing non-traditional forms of interaction with legal representatives of children.
The general health and mood of the child depends on whether the parents pay attention to the health of their child, whether they organize the daily regimen correctly. But then what is the purpose of health-preserving technologies in DOW? In the educational institution, the skills acquired by the child at home are consolidated, and the new information received in the kindergarten will never become superfluous or painful for the preschooler.
Technologies for maintaining overall health and development
The basis of health - saving technologies in preschool educational institutions, the task and purpose of which is to promote the health of preschool children, is a complex of health and rehabilitation classes for preschool children of all categories. Separately, complexes for children with functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system, vision, hearing, and diseases of the central nervous system are being developed.
Most modern health-saving technologies in preschool education are based on physical education, as a means of preventing spinal curvature. In the course of medical gymnastics, the aim is to prevent the development of pathologies of the musculoskeletal system in preschool children. To perform the exercises, it is advisable to use rehabilitation equipment:
- orthopedic balls;
- “Dry” pools;
- soft modules;
- children's simulators;
- jump ropes;
- gymnastic sticks.
The introduction of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution, whose goals and objectives include maintaining the health of preschool children, was carried out in stages. Equally important is the hardening and swimming program. These types of treatment and prophylactic measures are aimed at the physical and mental development of children; they help strengthen the cardiovascular system, muscle and respiratory apparatus, but are not available in every preschool institution.
In those institutions where there are no swimming pools, today more often they opt for gyms for children. Teachers conduct each lesson in strict accordance with medical indications. Classes on simulators increase endurance and improve the overall well-being of children.
Corrective exercises
In addition to basic physical education, in some preschool institutions with children do yoga, teach self-massage, acrobatics, sports dancing, rhythmic gymnastics.
I wonder what the purpose of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution, in the application of which music is used? In fact, experts give a special role to music in healing and treatment programs for children. The music lies helps to develop cross-functional trainings. Classes with music significantly enrich and enhance the health-improving orientation of all forms of physical activity, and help prepare children for schooling.
The goal of using health-saving technologies in preschool education is considered by many experts to be comprehensive pre-school training, which is aimed at developing motor skills, honing the mechanisms of memory, speech, reading, thinking, artistic and visual activity, and musicality.
A lot of attention and time is devoted to teaching the basics of a healthy lifestyle, as one of the important conditions for preserving the health of preschool children. The pedagogical staff is forced to carry out voluminous work on Valeological education of children, to talk with parents. Special techniques and methods are selected for the kids, which make it possible to present to the kids information on the body structure in an accessible form, explain how important it is to eat right, sleep during the day, go for a walk, etc. Thus, children are taught to have a healthy lifestyle from an early age.
Mental and mental development of preschoolers
Another goal of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution according to the Federal State Educational Standard is the formation of accessible knowledge among preschool children, taking into account age and individual characteristics of perception. Educators pay much attention to the system of teaching children under the age of seven about hygiene skills. In practice, children 3-5 years old show the best results in mastering the rules of a healthy lifestyle due to the most productive organization of sensorimotor activity. The best results can be achieved if you engage with children in a playful way, using thematic, didactic, active, desktop-printed, role-playing and other types of games.
We must not forget about modern methods of strengthening mental health, creating conditions for the comfortable well-being of a preschooler. To date, a variety of gaming technologies are being improved that are used to maintain the health of kindergarteners.
Since the effectiveness of the use of health-saving technologies in a preschool educational institution depends on contact, cooperation between teachers and parents, the forms of interaction between them are of the greatest importance. Meeting formats such as:
- parent meetings for which a specialist (psychologist) is invited to conduct tests, consultations;
- game workshops;
- open days
- school of successful parents;
- experience exchange.
Such classes will help to increase the pedagogical culture of parents, help to understand the true purpose of physical education in strengthening the health of a preschooler.
Introduction of technologies to maintain children's health
Kindergarten belongs to the state system of compulsory universal education. Teaching preschoolers the basics of life, health and hygiene rules is a priority for the DOE. What is the goal of health-saving technology? The main task that teachers face during the educational process is to set up the child to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
In fact, the concept of health-saving pedagogical technologies in preschool education and the concept of the formation of a healthy lifestyle are identical. They are paramount in the work of participants in the educational process of each preschool institution.
The basic rules for health conservation are as follows:
- observe the daily routine;
- to exhibit motor activity;
- pay attention to a balanced diet;
- maintain a normal psychological atmosphere and a positive mood.
When working on the creation of health-saving technologies in the educational process of preschool education, it is necessary to take into account adapted forms of work and features of the age group. Teachers in kindergarten use various methods to maintain the health of children and their full development.
Physical activity
One of the most popular and convenient methods in working with children is step aerobics. This type of sports and fitness activities belongs to the group of health-saving technologies in the preschool educational institution. Each lesson should last no more than 10-30 minutes. Also, step aerobics can be introduced into the learning process in the form of separate blocks as elements of each physical education lesson.
In a preschool, this type of activity, aimed at maintaining physical activity, with a maximum duration (25-30 minutes) is used only for children of senior preschool groups. Step aerobics is also of a health-training nature for babies in the form of morning gymnastics, which gives not so much health as emotional effect. The duration of classes with children of the younger groups is no more than 10-15 minutes. In addition, the elements of step aerobics can be used in the form of demonstrations at children's parties and as entertainment.
This type of physical education promotes the development of dexterity, speed, teaches children to navigate in space, strengthens the vestibular apparatus. Classes in step aerobics cause joy and delight in children, give them freedom of movement, improve well-being, giving a sense of joy and maintaining a positive mood.
Another special technique used in working with children is the so-called “body movement alphabet”. According to the Federal State Educational Standard, the goal of health-saving technology in preschool education is to increase the motor activity of children during their stay in the institution. The essence of this method is as follows: it is necessary to perform certain motor actions on any of the letters of the alphabet. For older children, this is a very exciting and fun game. “The alphabet of body movements” consists of three dozen poses, each of which corresponds to a specific letter of the alphabet. The task of children is to visually or by ear perceive the name of the letter and, having made the correct movement, depict this letter.
Self-massage training
In preschool institutions, pupils receive the first knowledge and skills of self-massage, acupuncture, first aid. If you provide a systematic massage, it is guaranteed to improve the functions of the receptors of the pathways, strengthening the reflex connections of the cerebral cortex with blood vessels and muscles. For example, self-massage of the auricles is recommended for children from a very young age. It contributes to an improvement in the functioning of body systems, the development of perseverance, concentration of attention, has a positive effect on intellectual abilities. Self-massage in a playful form is the basis of hardening and healing of children. Engaged in self-massage, effortlessly, preschoolers get positive emotions and joy. Exercises of such a plan form a child’s conscious desire for a healthy lifestyle, and contribute to the development of their own healing skills.
Prevention of visual impairment
Health plays a special role in our lives. In order to remain healthy in every sense of the person at the current pace of life, it is necessary to make serious efforts and pay a lot of attention to the issue of recovery and prevention. One of the components of physical health, as its integral characteristic, is vision. To see the world, its diversity and bright colors is real happiness. A person has the opportunity to receive this happiness through his eyes. To maintain a normal level of vision in kindergartens, the use of health-saving technologies is relevant. In the DOW are used:
- compliance with the light regime;
- proper seating of children in the classroom;
- short but frequent gymnastics for the eyes.
During the classes, teachers conduct physical exercises or short dynamic pauses, which also include exercises for the eyes to prevent diseases of the organs of vision.
Psycho-emotional activities
For the development of fine motor skills, manual skill and dexterity, coordination of hand movements in work with children of younger groups and preschoolers, finger gymnastics is used. The learning process itself is more like not learning, but an exciting game that enriches the inner world of children, has a positive effect on concentration, improving memory, thinking, developing imagination and imagination. A lot of points are located on the palms of a person, acting by massage on which various body systems can be stimulated.
A lot of attention is paid to the proper breathing of the child. From how a person breathes, his health, the ability to perform physical and mental functions completely depends. Training of respiratory muscles has a direct impact on physical performance and endurance, strengthening immunity, and resistance to diseases, including infectious ones. In preschool children, the respiratory muscles are poorly developed, therefore, in the learning process, it is important to resort to the use of special respiratory gymnastics for children.
An important role belongs to the exercises of psycho-gymnastics. During classes, it is important to arouse various sensations in a group of children. For example, the game “Warm-Cold” helps babies master the skills of spontaneous thermoregulation of the body. At first, the children imagine as if a cold wind blew, and immediately cringed into lumps. Then the sun peeks out - that means you can warm up, sunbathe, relax. At this point, tension is removed and the muscles of the body relax.
In the educational and game process, games such as Cheerful Bee, Humpty Dumpty, Crybaby and Laughter give kids the freedom to express their emotions. They can scream, make faces and grimaces, relax and raise their spirits. , , . , , , , . , , , .
, . « » - . : , , . .