Periodic physical examination, procedure and terms for passing medical examinations by representatives of various professions

Many professions are associated with dangerous or harmful factors that negatively affect a person’s life. Some people do not at all have the opportunity to learn a particular craft for health reasons. To prevent occupational accidents and to prevent occupational diseases, a mandatory periodic medical examination is provided. Consider the rules of its organization and determine the responsible persons.

Medical Examination Legislation

The employer is fully responsible for labor safety. The law entrusts him with the obligation to organize the passage of a medical examination in a timely manner when applying for a job or during the period of employment. The following regulatory documents govern this obligation:

• Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
• The order of Rosminzdrav 2004, establishing a list of hazardous and harmful production work, the implementation of which requires periodic medical examinations of employees.
• The order of Rosminzdravmedprom, which contains information about the category of employees subject to mandatory medical examination with an indication of its frequency.
• Industry documents (sanitary rules and regulations).

The Labor Code obliges employers to arrange for an employee to undergo a medical examination, which must comply with the requirements of medical supervision. Violation of the rules by the employee or employer may result in administrative liability. Failure to complete the periodic medical examination will result in the removal of the employee from the performance of official duties. Moreover, if it is the employer's fault, then the duration of the downtime will be paid. Otherwise, the person will be left without wages.

Concept and purpose of physical examination

A medical examination is a set of measures and interventions that are aimed at diagnosing human pathological conditions and preventing the risks of developing occupational and other diseases. Periodic procedures are carried out in order to monitor the health of employees and reduce occupational injuries. For each type of profession, there are deadlines in which the employee is obliged to appear to doctors.

Periodic physical exam is aimed at monitoring and timely response to changes in health status. Thanks to such events, it is possible to recognize the development of occupational diseases in the initial stages and begin timely treatment. The results of the survey may prompt the employer to transfer the employee to a less hazardous production site. The verdict of the medical commission ultimately either confirms the employee’s suitability to fulfill his duties, or, on the contrary, does not allow him to do so.

Prerequisites for a medical examination

Periodic medical examinations are carried out at specific times, which depend on the degree of danger of production factors and their type of hazard. To determine whether any adverse conditions affect the employee, it is possible using the annex to Order No. 302n.

When exposed to at least one of these factors, a periodic physical examination should be performed at least once a year.

Today, when applying for almost any position, you must undergo a preliminary medical examination. And this is not the whim of the employer. Preliminary and periodic medical examinations in addition to employees exposed to hazardous and harmful factors, are employees:

• medical and child care facilities;
• Food Industry;
• trade;
• Catering;
• water facilities.

Compulsory inspection is carried out in order to protect the population from the occurrence and spread of dangerous diseases.

Direction for physical examination

Preliminary and periodic medical examinations are regulated by Order No. 302n. In the first case, before admission to a certain position, the employer gives the applicant a direction in which the data on the enterprise, the proposed position and the nature of harmful or dangerous production factors (if any) are indicated. The list of specialists and laboratory and functional studies that a future employee needs to go through is established in accordance with the List of work and harmful factors. A medical examination is considered complete if all prescribed procedures are completed. At this stage, a medical report is formed, which allows or prohibits the employee to take a certain position. It is important to understand that in the case of a negative decision of the medical board with the applicant, an employment contract cannot be concluded.

Periodic medical examinations of employees are carried out at the time indicated in the List of work and harmful factors. Two months before the next medical examination, the employer must give the employee a referral. The employee is obliged to come to the specified medical institution in a timely manner.

Organization of periodic medical examinations

Before sending employees to a medical institution for a medical examination, the employer has to complete several tasks. First of all, it is necessary to make a list of the contingent of workers. This is a regulatory act of an enterprise containing information about the professions of employees who are subject to preliminary or periodic medical examinations. A sample of the established form for this document is not provided, but a list of data has been developed that should be indicated in it:

• employee position according to the staffing table;
• name of harmful production factors or type of work.

This may include additional information at the discretion of the employer. The list of contingents is approved once, until there are any changes in the enterprise (new jobs, improvement or worsening of working conditions, reorganization). The finished document is sent to Rospotrebnadzor.

Name lists of persons are developed annually two months before the agreed date of the medical examination. It necessarily indicates the working experience in the conditions of the declared production factor. It should be noted that a periodic medical examination is performed at least once every 2 years in a medical institution and once every 5 years in a center of occupational pathology. Lists are compiled separately.

Order Issue

The company enters into an agreement with a medical institution in which employees will undergo a regular medical examination. After agreeing the terms, a schedule of surveys is drawn up, with which it is necessary to familiarize employees. Each person from the surname list confirms the fact of informing with a personal signature. At the same time, an employee may be given a referral for a periodic physical examination.

The need for planned preventive measures is confirmed by the issuance of an order, which is drawn up in any form. Consider the approximate content of this document:

Order “On conducting a periodic medical examination”

In accordance with Art. 212, 213, 266 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation,

I ORDER:

1. To approve the lists of employees who are subject to a mandatory medical examination in 2016. A schedule of preventive measures and a list of employees are attached.
2. Refer the employees of the list to the City Polyclinic No. 2 medical institution in accordance with the established schedule for the medical examination.
3. Heads of departments and divisions do not allow these employees to perform official duties until examinations are passed.
4. Heads of departments and units to familiarize employees with the order under the signature.
5. Control over the execution of the order assigned to Ivanov I.V.

After that, the name and surname of the director, his personal signature and attachments with a surname list of persons who need to come to the medical institution to undergo a medical examination are indicated. The order for periodic medical examinations is an obligatory document, which is compiled on the basis of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Order No. 302n of Rosminzdrav.

Inspection frequency for certain occupations

As already mentioned, the health control of employees is carried out under the condition that the latter work in hazardous and hazardous workplaces, clinics and representatives of professions who in one way or another contact with a large number of people regularly visit. Mandatory periodic medical examinations are required for employees:

• Food industry, food trade, public catering - twice a year, studies are carried out for infectious diseases and STDs, as well as analyzes for staphylococcus carriage and other bacteriological studies. Once a year, fluorography, a physician's consultation, and laboratory tests for the presence of helminths are prescribed.
• Pre-school, school and secondary vocational, medical institutions - screening for the presence of STDs, infectious diseases and bacteriological studies are carried out up to 4 times a year. General therapeutic commission with the passage of fluorography and laboratory tests is required 1 time per year.
• Pharmacies and non-food trade - once a year, an examination by a dermatovenerologist, therapist, fluorography and laboratory tests are indicated.
• Municipal services for the population and pools - 2 times a year are examined for the presence of STDs and 1 time per year undergo a standard medical examination. Mandatory vaccination against diphtheria.

It is worth noting that the number of examinations, regardless of profession, includes procedures such as fluorography, a blood test for syphilis, bacteriological tests for STDs, examination by a narcologist and a psychiatrist. For women, a visit to the gynecologist is required.

Medical examination of persons working in hazardous and hazardous work

Depending on the category of hazardous factors, the dates for the passage of the mandatory medical commission by employees are set . It should be taken into account that regardless of the length of service and profession, the following persons are subject to annual examination:

• up to 21 years old;
• hired in the region of the Far North (including in areas equivalent to them) from another locality;
• working on a rotational basis.

Consider the frequency of medical examinations depending on the working conditions (profession).

Do not forget that there is a professional periodic medical examination, which must be passed at the center of occupational pathology once in five years.

Medical examination before the start of the working day (shift)

Some employees, who are responsible not only for their own lives, undergo a small physical examination daily. This includes workers in hazardous and hazardous industries. Purpose: monitoring the state of health after a hard day and recording complaints of well-being. Periodic physical examination at work are drivers of all land vehicles, as well as pilots. This time is included in the composition of the working day (shift) and takes 15 minutes from the force, unless, of course, there is suspicion of a deterioration in the employee's condition. Procedures include measurement of heart rate, pressure, general assessment of health status and reactions. Periodic medical examination of drivers without fail includes a test of clarity of consciousness. In the presence of alcohol or drug intoxication (which is confirmed or refuted by rapid tests if necessary), the employee is removed from the flight. A medical discomfort from the performance of labor duties may also be general malaise, pressure drops.

Legislation has made it mandatory to undergo pre-trip checks of drivers for each company or individual entrepreneur. Every employee on a vehicle owned by a legal entity undergoes a medical examination. The doctor or paramedic decides on the admission of the employee to work. Conclusion honey. personnel must be strictly observed.

Who pays?

In order for an employee to undergo a periodic physical examination, it is required to pay for preventive procedures. On whose shoulders are the costs of a medical examination borne? When hiring and performing labor activities, the costs of a physical examination are borne by the employer. This rule is regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Article 213). The company is free to independently choose a medical institution. Before concluding an agreement with the organization, you should make sure of the following points:

• the organization is licensed;
• in the list of services and works in the appendix to the license it is noted that the institution has the right to conduct medical examinations or examination of professional suitability;
• has the staff of all necessary specialists;
• owns the required equipment;
• provides services at the address indicated in the license.

It is also necessary to clarify the procedure for examination by a narcologist and psychiatrist. Often, additional visits to dispensaries are required to obtain certificates of mental and physical health. The cost of services is determined based on the number of consultations and studies required.

Even if the applicant after the medical examination is not employed, the employer does not have the right to demand reimbursement of expenses. Payroll deductions or self-deduction for routine inspection are unlawful to the employee. The employer must take all the costs and, in addition, save the employee a salary for the duration of the medical examination within the average daily payment.

Periodic medical examination is an important event that allows timely diagnosis of occupational and socially dangerous diseases. Procedures are performed primarily in the interests of the employee. Both the employer and the employee should comply with the requirements of the law on medical examinations. Violations result in a considerable amount of administrative fines.