Itâs good that the world, developing the economy, came to the idea of ââsocial protection. Otherwise, half the population would die of starvation. We are talking about those who, for certain reasons, are not able to build their abilities for a fee. Have you thought about who is so unemployed? Is it a lazy person, a lost person or a victim of circumstances? But scientists have studied everything and put it on the shelves. Just reading textbooks and treatises is not for everyone. And not everyone is interested. Therefore, many do not know their rights. Let us briefly familiarize ourselves with all aspects using simple human language.
Definition
Unemployed are people who are temporarily out of work. As the textbooks say, they are not in demand in economic activity. It turns out that this situation is objective. The fact is that the economy is developing according to its own rules. Market - even more so. At a certain time, situations arise when there are more workers than required. From this point of view, the unemployed is a woman who does not have the opportunity to apply her professional skills. It's just that nobody needs them yet. She can go to a specialized agency where she will be assigned unemployed status. In addition, they will provide all kinds of assistance, often effective. In addition, unemployment is objective, but not desirable. It refers to negative social phenomena. The state is everywhere fighting with available means.
Types of Unemployment
At the household level, everything seems to be clear. Science does not think so. The phenomenon is usually considered broader, structurally. It turns out that unemployment can be different: structural, seasonal, and so on. For example, a marginal form of this phenomenon is distinguished. These are people who have no work for moral reasons, as opposed to society. I must say that there are very few such people in a "civilized" society. But, for example, in India - a serious percentage of the working population. Beliefs in this country have not yet been erased by globalization, have a huge impact on the population and its worldview. But there they are not given the status of unemployed, and are hardly taken into account. They also talk about the official appearance of the phenomenon. That is, crowds of able-bodied people can sit on sofas, but this is not an indicator of unemployment. And if they begin to actively seek a place for themselves, turn to services, then this is another matter. They are recognized as unemployed, will be taken into account in the corresponding indicator.
A bit more about the examples
To understand what the economy is considering when it comes to unemployment, let's turn to life situations. For example, if a woman worked at a gas company that closed due to depletion of the field. She has nowhere else to apply her abilities. Such an unemployed woman is a victim of structural change. The production was closed, the specialists remained unoccupied. Such unemployment is called structural. If you consider a woman who picks strawberries, then her employment depends on the period of ripening of berries. The rest of the time, she is forced to sit at home. Such unemployed is a hostage to seasonal changes. That is, her employment does not depend on her specialty, but only on natural factors. And the type of unemployment is called seasonal. It should be noted that in the market conditions the phenomenon develops due to competition. People strive to get the profession that is in demand. It turns out a lot of specialists, the result - some of them replenish the ranks of the unemployed.
Study of the phenomenon
Many pundits were engaged in identifying the patterns to which this phenomenon is subject. This is not a waste of time and effort. You must admit that unemployment as a phenomenon causes quite a lot of damage to the economy. From the point of view of the state, the disorder is that people who are capable and willing to bring benefits do not have such an opportunity. There is simply no production where they can apply themselves.
On the other hand, the same person does not earn a livelihood, which is fraught with his death from hunger. There is no benefit to society either, there is only one damage. It turns out that knowledge of the laws of economic development, in particular regarding employment opportunities, is vital for the normal development of any state. Many economists have paid close attention to this issue in their studies. From Adam Smith to John Casey. I must say that the conclusions of wise scientists are still relevant. Their thought made it possible to create schemes and rules that operate in modern conditions. (About âbyeâ will come next.)
Now about practice
The unemployed are not all people who lie on the couch and do not fly to a certain office by a certain time. To become a member of this "caste", you must register. Usually an employment service is busy with people searching for work. This is an official government agency performing a range of tasks. Among them, the main one is to create a âbridgeâ between workers and âownersâ. That is, this institution works both with the population and with those who are interested in attracting new workers. Employees take into account those who seek employment, analyze relevant offers, then provide the necessary information to the person. That is, they donât just go there. It is necessary to âmeetâ certain conditions.
Who can become unemployed
In order to obtain the desired status, as well as benefits, it is necessary, first of all, to be able to work. What does it mean? First of all, age. The legislation of the Russian Federation spells out who has the right to work. That is, children (up to 16 years old) or citizens of retirement age will not be served by the employment service. Some have not yet reached the age when employment is needed, while others are engaged in a completely different service. Secondly, you need to prove that you can work. There are people who are not officially entitled to provide services to the employer. For example, those who are recognized as legally incompetent by a court are disabled (depending on the group).
What will they ask in the employment service
To prevent you from being escorted from the institution without an âanswer and hello,â you must have a number of documents with you. Firstly, this is a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation. Then you will definitely have to not only talk about your profession and qualifications, but also prove the words with documents. That is, a diploma is needed (another crust). The unemployment benefit is prescribed depending on previous earnings. Therefore, if you quit, then you need a document that indicates how much you received (certificate). Still need a work book. She is judged on qualifications to find suitable vacancies (ideally). In addition, they will record about the fact of your appeal to the service. If a person has several diplomas (professions), so much the better! Everything must be provided. And in general, the more a person tells about himself in more detail, the easier it is to help him. Especially if he applied not just for benefits, but for employment! Of course, you will not require extra papers. But the show will not be banned. And there, as they say, communication is a guarantee of getting the necessary help!
Appointment of unemployment benefits
What a sin to hide, most of the people agree to the account only for profit. Letâs find out if the manual âshinesâ for everyone? So, if you quit and contacted the service within a year, then they will pay you according to a certain scheme for as long as six months. But, for an amount exceeding 6370 rubles, do not expect. Whatever your salary, the amount indicated is the ceiling. If your work activity is replete with nuances (it was not there at all, you have not worked for more than a year, you were fired âunder the articleâ, and so on), then you can only count on the minimum. He in 2014 is 1105 rubles. Unemployment benefits are paid monthly. Only live on them is hardly possible. Total benefit is paid for twenty-four months out of thirty-six. That is, to get money from the service, you must periodically work officially. Only if you can prove that you were not lazy, can you reissue the allowance.
If you havenât worked yet
For those who are looking for a first job (there is no workbook yet), the service will not only pay the minimum allowance, but also help in every way. Firstly, such citizens should be offered vacancies according to the declared specialty. If there are none, then do not despair. This state structure has specialized institutions that are engaged in retraining. Only the profession you will be offered the one that is popular in the area. In megacities, you can count on an accountant, hairdresser, and seller. But in the village - the choice is not wide. I must say, unemployed citizens often agree to rural work. Do not sit without means. But the service is strict with those who collaborate with it. The curriculum must be followed, otherwise they will be punished (they will lose the allowance).
Social protection of the unemployed
I must admit: the attitude that has developed in society towards the employment service does not quite correspond to its goals, outlined by the existing legislative framework. Contrary to idle claims, the people working there are called upon to help other citizens in difficult conditions. For this, so to speak, they get paid. Their tasks include analysis of the labor market, assessment of its condition, forecasting development. Then, if everything is correctly thought out, we can conclude which professions will be in demand in a particular area. People who applied for help are oriented toward retraining, create conditions for them, and so on. Naturally, the task of connecting the worker and the employer together does not go away. But she is not basic. Just a person can choose a place from the existing list.
But to understand where it can come in handy, but to get the appropriate qualifications, this is a higher level.
What else is being done for the unemployed
If you dig deeper, that is, see why, in principle, the state spends money on such a service, then you can get two big conclusions. Firstly, it seeks to make full use of all potential labor resources. Secondly, to prevent social tension. The latter is quite possible where there are many people who have nowhere to work. Besides the fact that they have nothing to eat, they are also in a state of extreme irritation. This state should not be allowed. Therefore, assistance to the unemployed is different. Where the law is enforced, a whole range of activities is carried out with each person. They talk, almost looking into the soul. Find out what he is more inclined to. Try to send it there.
What does unemployment mean?
It is clear that a person is left without income is bad. It turns out that the state also suffers from this phenomenon. In statistics, there is a whole list of indicators by which experts evaluate the prospects for economic development. For example, the actual unemployment rate indicates an increase or decrease in the level in this region. That is, if enterprises close, people are driven out into the street, then it is clear that there is a decline. This is unprofitable for the state. If there is unemployment, then it does not receive taxes. After all, they are paid not only by enterprises, but also by everyone. And if there is no budget, there is no means for development. Roads are not being built, social programs stop and so on. If nothing is done, then a little tension can arise, gradually turning into a revolution. The pillars of the economy spoke of this. The relevance of the statement remains.
About bye
Now they are talking about the big changes in the structure of the labor market that are happening before our eyes. Everyone has heard of remote work. This is the first sign of change. Legislation remains focused on the "old norms." Yes, and where to rush. But the thing in the world is that physical labor begins to give way to intellectual labor. And if now it is embodied mainly in office workers, then in the future, it will be the creators of a variety of intelligent products. That is, the world is moving towards the fact that unemployment will be modified. How? So far , economists are not talking about this . Itâs just that society is gradually growing. It gives the sphere of material production to machines, and manpower focuses on creativity. The process is still inconspicuous. Scientists say that change will be visible in the lifetime of one generation! Already now we can firmly say that the job search will look very different. It is believed that monetary relations will change. All this is yet to come! In the meantime, the unemployed is an unhappy woman of working age, whom no one wants to provide a place appropriate to education. Yes! And be sure to be in active search for one!