School slang arose a very long time ago and will probably not disappear. The reason for this is its origin. As soon as we know the history of its occurrence, immediately everything will fall into place. So, let's start with the definition, the only way to understand the nature of such communication.
The concept
Parents and teachers these days sound the alarm, because they don’t understand what their children are talking about. Why ordinary like words are incomprehensible to adults? We will understand the meaning of the term.
School slang, and slang in general, is a collection of new words or old, but with a new meaning, which is used to communicate in certain groups.
Slang also has a second definition. This is the name of the peculiar vernacular vernacular of the new generation, which is based on a mixture of foreign words, jargon, argotism.
To fully understand what school slang is, you need to understand what jargon is. This is the name of the social variety of speech in open groups of people who are interconnected by habits, occupation, age or interests.
It is noteworthy that school slang, oddly enough, is replete with prison or common-law slang, but in a different sense.
Areas of use
In what situations or areas is school slang used? As a rule, students use slang words in several directions:
- School.
- Gen.
- Leisure.
- Estimates.
School words
As for the first group, it is the most common. An example of school slang will be the names of academic subjects (English, physical, liter), the names of teachers (physicist, teacher, dir, etc.), the names of some objects or processes (spur, Kamchatka, fill up, etc.). Usually such words do not change their meaning and are used by more than one generation of schoolchildren. Thanks to this, school jargon is considered sustainable. But stability does not mean that new words are absent in the vocabulary of students. Over the past few years, a lot of tokens have been added that previous generations of students did not know about. An example of a new generation of school slang would be words such as “rap” (tutor), “pit” or “cheat” (teacher).
New words appear, and old ones, therefore, do not disappear anywhere? Not true. Expressions such as "teacher", "dirya", "Chukotka", "Kamchatka" are a thing of the past. Although schoolchildren do not already use these words, their meaning is known to all.
Household tokens
Youth school slang, which adolescents use in the domestic sphere, is very diverse, so for convenience, the words were divided into groups:
- Designation of body parts.
- Designation of clothes, accessories or shoes.
- The name of the money.
- The name of household appliances.
As you can see, teenage imagination is inexhaustible. Here are some of the jargon:
- "Melon", "visa" - a person. "Claws", "rake" - hands. "Head", "bowler" - the head. "Bast shoes", "skis" - legs. Often these names have a certain tradition, that is, they are used by more than one generation of schoolchildren. You can often hear that teenagers call parts of the body what parts of a car or plane are called. For example, “headlights” are eyes, and “wings” are hands.
- “Biker jacket” - a jacket, “jops” - jeans. Among the popular tokens there are also “hooves” - this is what high-heeled shoes mean. It is noteworthy that all words are taken from some narrow social groups, such as bikers, and depend on fashion. What does it mean? And the fact that if some wardrobe item has not been used for a long time, then its name is gradually forgotten.
- "Mowers", "grandmothers", "cabbage" and so on - all this is a designation of money. Some of the words were borrowed from prison jargon, others are considered a direct invention of the youth themselves.
- “Throw” - copy, “keyboard” - keyboard, “mouse” - mouse. Such words have appeared in the school slang dictionary relatively recently and indicate devices or some actions necessary to obtain information.
Scope of Evaluation
What is it and what will it be about? Let's figure it out in order. So, such words can be divided into two types: evaluative vocabulary and vocabulary.
The first option means a bright negative or positive assessment. Despite the fact that in the Russian language there are a lot of various ways to express this or that attitude to something with words, teenagers prefer to use their tokens. For example, “shine”, “chocolate”, “cool”, “nishtyak”, “super”, “awesome” - this is how young people give a positive assessment. While the "dregs", "sucks", "pazarno", "moore" - is already a negative assessment of something.
Often from schoolchildren, especially the lower grades, one can hear a completely incomprehensible "thousand." It turns out that this is the inevitable result of all kinds of experiments (for example, "castrices to burn," that is, to light a fire).
We can say about Vocarcatives that they reflect the interaction of youth with all age categories and social strata. For example, “small things” are called small children, but “dad” or “dyakhan” - this is the name not only of the father, but also of males older than themselves. Teenagers come up with names and nationalities. Thus, the "nigger" or "lohidze" - a person with Caucasian roots. I will not talk now about the admissibility of such an appeal, it just is. Now it has become fashionable to turn to a peer “nike” or “dude”, “pepper”, “brother”, “Kent”. This is what the “great and mighty” school slang looks like.
How words are formed
You have already noticed that schoolchildren, thinking up names for one or another subject, person or action, do not really think about their meaning. What are the features of school jargon, how are words formed?
First you need to figure out what is the difference between jargon and argo. The latter contains a password in its meaning or a secret. But as for jargon, these words are formed in the process of rethinking, sound distortion, metaphorization or the active use of foreign words.
To make it clearer, you need to consider an example. School vocabulary is replenished mainly with nouns. If you count the words of school slang, then about 70% will be nouns. It is noteworthy that even school jargon are formed using the affix method. That is, by adding to the basis of a particular suffix, prefix, postfix.
There is also an affixless method of word formation. In this case, suffixes are not added to the word. An example would be the word "outfit" or "otpad". Infrequently, but you can still find verbal nouns to which a suffix is ​​added. For example, "booze", "disassembly", "party".
In school jargon, you can also find nouns, which, in turn, are formed from nouns by truncating the original basis. As a rule, such a truncation carries a sharply negative assessment. Such words include: "spur", "rap", "genie", "pit" and so on.
In the speech of our youth, you can find many examples of school slang from English literature or culture in general. The most popular is the appeal "nike", which came from the name of a sports company. It is noteworthy that the borrowing of a pure word, without any changes, except for the transformation of meaning, is a rather rare phenomenon, and “nike” at the present time is perhaps the only example.
Phraseologisms
We have already figured out how school slang appears, almost completely. It remains to touch on the topic of phraseological units, because they are very common in youth communication. According to statistics, phraseological units are only 20% of the total volume of school jargon, but this figure is by no means small. Most often they are used to determine the educational or any other process, and they denote the action. For example, "phase shift", "precipitate" and so on. There are also very witty idioms, for example, "17 moments of spring." This is what they say in a situation where a teacher leaves the classroom for a few minutes.
Some stable expressions are used not only by schoolchildren, but also by representatives of other social groups, and even a child knows their meaning. We are talking about phrases such as “the roof went,” “driving the blizzard,” “bummer-Ivanovich,” “dripping on the brains,” and so on.
It should be added that phraseological units are a certain feature of school jargon, make it more expressive and vivid.
Types of Slang
We have already noted that school slang is a set of words that is used by a certain social group and is understood only by it. But let's digress a bit from all definitions and word formations and analyze the types of jargon. After all, besides school slang, there are many more.
So, jargon is divided into:
- Social.
- Professional.
- Thieves.
- Interjargon.
- Youth.
- Directly school.
We will analyze each individual view.
Social jargon is used in a specific group. Most often we are talking about emotional or familiar treatment, communicating in an informal setting, presenting some grievances or complaints.
As for professional jargon, we are talking about words that reflect the characteristics of a particular profession. For example, for photographers the camera is called a “soap box”, journalists call the heading of an article a “heading”.
Thieves' jargon is a separate type of argo. This is the name of the prison common-law language, which is used to hide some information about ordinary people. The expressions and words of such jargon have almost all become well-known and are used in artistic, general or journalistic speech.
We can say about Intergargon that these words belong to several varieties of jargon at once. An example is the party. Now this is the name of a secular, youth party, academia or the theater community. In the past, people who played cards were called parties.
With youth and school slang, everything is more or less clear, because we have discussed this issue above.
How jargon appeared
The dictionary of school jargon began to replenish not so long ago, but the jargon itself has ancient roots. Its origins should be sought back in the days of Ancient Russia. At first it was the so-called social jargon, which was understood only in certain circles (for example, blacksmiths). Later proverbs and sayings appeared, and some of them we still use.
Before the revolution, there were many vagrant merchants in our country who offered mostly trifles. They were called aeon or chisel. So, these offices were a separate social group with their own special language. What was it for? In those days, merchants were often attacked and, so that no one could find out about the intentions of the peddlers, they used special words. For example, their house was a "ring", and milk was a "melech." Thus, they were able to keep their actions secret and, accordingly, save their goods.
Is school slang a component of youth slang?
Of course, yes. Why not the other way around? Youth jargon has been known for more than a thousand years. Even during the birth of the tongue, slang words appeared. As a rule, it was young people who became the main supplier and supplier, and it was so then, so it is now. This is because the younger generation is more receptive and thinks much wider than people of middle or mature age.
The mind of a teenager requires expression, such that the uninitiated cannot understand what it is about. With the help of jargon, people determined whether it is possible to trust a particular person whether he is close to a social group or not. Typically, youth are considered to be people aged 12 to 30 years. Slang has entered into all spheres of life and is used in almost any situation. The exception is some boring processes, because ordinary words are enough to describe them.
Examples of school jargon, as well as youth jargon, suggest that new words appear due to the play of existing words. Often, it is due to the gaming component that young people plunge headlong into jargon, so much so that sometimes it becomes difficult to understand what is at stake.
Young people want to be interesting, and therefore they are looking for a way to realize themselves in words. It’s much more interesting when the narrator juggles with various lexemes, shows wit, humor, and dryly narrates about something.
Young people reject everything that brings boredom or stability, and this is the basis of youth jargon.
As for school slang, it, of course, is a component of this type of jargon. Why? Everything is pretty simple. Since the perception of schoolchildren is wide in itself, it can be said that they, like a sponge, absorb all the information coming from others. And who is closest to this age? That's right, youth.
For example, you can often hear elements of prison jargon from schoolchildren, and no matter how jarring it is, you have to admit their right to exist in a teenager’s speech. This is due not only to fashion, but also to the fact that everything incomprehensible and mysterious attracts the younger generation. Teenagers often listen to music, look for themselves or a reflection of their problems in it, so it is not surprising that in their speech slang jargon inherent in both ordinary music groups and informal musicians.
The reason for the use of jargon by one or another social group is the inconsistency of the younger generation. Each youth believes that the world is imperfect, and is trying to change or challenge something. For this, jargon is the best suited.
Simply put, school jargon appeared because of the desire of adolescents to be independent, to assert themselves, to belong to a particular social group, to protest against generally accepted norms.
Jargon and the Internet
It just so happened that school slang and social networks are inextricably linked. Every year, children are increasingly starting to use social networks or other Internet resources. It is not surprising that communication on the World Wide Web has a great influence on the younger generation.
A social survey was conducted, according to which, now almost half of the children believe that the Internet affects their speech. By the way, only 12% say that vocabulary is formed through literature, the media and broadcasting.
Also, children copy adult speech. For some, parents become the standard, for some teachers, and for someone, alas, the street. Others have no standard at all.
As you know, school slang and social networks will continue to develop together, because children are more and more preferring virtual communication than real. On the one hand, this is the scourge of our time, but on the other, all changes in society went through the stage of rejection, and then it turned out that everything was only for the better.
School Dictionary
Here are some of the most popular words. For example, we’ll tell you what “friend zone” means in school jargon. This word is quite popular and widespread among young people, but are children and adults alike using it?
So let's go.
Let's start with the aforementioned friend zone. This is the name of the zone of friendship. We are talking about a situation when one person is in love with another, and the latter stubbornly sees in him only a friend. Naturally, such a situation is unpleasant for someone who loves.
"Rebzya" - a new appeal to a group of peers. Adolescents also use the words "pocyki" or "people." The latter is used if the company consists of girls and boys.
“Rodakas” are called parents. This word has been around for decades, and no worthy alternative has been invented for it. Periodically appear words symbolizing parents, but for a long time they do not linger in the vocabulary.
Often from teens you can hear "lured". Some adults do not understand what it is about, but everything is quite simple. This is what they say when someone pulls out with their conversations or behavior.
“In garlic” means honestly telling about something.
"Dystrophics" are those who are considered weak and small. There is also an opposite word in meaning - “ambal”. Used to characterize a strong and big person.
Teens come up with words that do not relate to school life. For example, now you can often hear the phrase: "Yes, he is alik!" or "Yes, he is a bruise!" What does it mean? If a teenager expresses himself in this way, then he is just talking about an alcoholic, a drinker.
"Fazenda" is called a summer house, and this word has been around for several decades. It is interesting that it came to us from Brazilian TV shows that the whole country watched at one time. Specifically, from the series "Slave Izaura."
Often heard the expression "a mixture of a bulldog with a rhino"? We think it happened. So they are trying to explain something incompatible, absurd, which is difficult to fit into the head.
There are also common words, the meaning of which is known even by adults. We are talking about the "shift", "works", "fizr", "liter", "Trudovik" and others in the same spirit. “Home”, “counter”, “spur”, “troban”, “couple”, “extension”, “canteen” - these words do not even need explanation, and so everything is clear.
"Meningitka" is a knitted hat that fits tightly on the head.
"Firma" (with emphasis on the last vowel) - these are some imported, branded things.
"Incubator" is a person who does not differ from the crowd, dresses like everyone else. For example, we are talking about a schoolboy in a school uniform.
There are obvious words. So, “disco” is a disco, and “walking” or “walking” means meeting.
"Losharik" is the person who fails in something.
"Brake" is not a very smart, near-minded person.
Some students use sarcasm in their speech. For example, “especially gifted” is a person who, well, cannot boast of special intellectual abilities. And by the way, this word came to the youth vocabulary from the teacher's thesaurus ("I repeat for the gifted!").
"Fatty" tease a man who would not hurt to lose weight.
"Olimpiyka" - a jacket from a sports suit.
Football is derived from football and refers to a game.
If a teenager wants to praise someone, then most likely he will say “clearly” or “cool”.
Everyone knows the expression “What are you looking at? Bubble up your pants!”, And so, modern children use only the first part of it. In their language, "to look" means to watch or to watch.
When someone took a thing that does not belong to him, they say "he steal / spioneril". As you understand, the word means to steal or take something without the knowledge of the owner.
Adolescents call a “tabla" a person, most often this happens during an unfriendly conversation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I want to say that school slang is always developing, and, as a rule, the process does not depend on whether adults like it or not. Parents and teachers can arbitrarily advocate for the purity of the language and the correct pronunciation of words, but there will be little sense from this. This is because every teenager strives for individuality. Everyone wants to express themselves, even with the help of strange words.
Some people get sick with this desire with age, while others continue their work. And this is not bad and not good, this situation should be taken as a fact. It is the youth who brings something new to the language, emotionally enriches, decorates it. Some will say that slang is not a decoration, but a sure way to kill a language. In some ways they are right. Others will recall that language is alive as long as it changes. The statement is also true in its own way. How to be in a situation with school jargon?
No way. Children want to change this world and make it possible for them through speech. Why not? We have a free country, and everyone has the right to expression and opinion, and it must be taken into account. If you do not allow children to show individuality (within the framework of the reasonable, of course), then soon not the language, but the intellect of the students will become poorer, which is much worse.