I wonder how I see the world? This question at least once in a life has been asked by every person. Now we will answer it in detail. So how the seers see the world ...
The eye is located in the orbital cavity of the skull, where it is attached with the help of muscles. This fragile and sensitive organ of vision really needs protection, which nature itself has taken care of. So, eyebrow hairs protect it from sweat and other fluids that drain from the forehead, and eyelashes - from dust particles in the air.
The lacrimal gland secretes a liquid, the uniform spreading of which helps the eyelids to blink. This is necessary so that the external mucosa does not dry out. In addition, a tear flushes away all foreign particles that have fallen into the eye and flows with them through the lacrimal canal into the nasal cavity.
How do seers see the world?
The eye has three shells - the outer, middle and inner. The outer shell, which plays a protective role, a dense sclera, in front passes into a transparent cornea. The middle membrane is vascular. Her name speaks for itself. The vascular membrane is responsible for metabolic processes. It consists of three parts - the iris (front), the ciliary body (the lens is attached with it) and the choroid itself, which supplies the eye cells with nutrients and displays metabolic products. There is an opening in the iris - the pupil, which acts as a diaphragm.
Its size is regulated by the muscles located on the iris. The inner lining of the eye is the retina. This is a sensory apparatus of the visual organ that converts the image into nerve impulses and transmits them to the brain. The retina consists of 10 layers, but only one is responsible for the perception of the image, which is represented by rods and cones - photosensitive cells. The rods are responsible for twilight vision, and cones have a color sensation and are irritated only by bright light. The largest congestion of cones is a yellow spot. The image that got to this site is transmitted most clearly and fully. A place where there are no rods or cones is a blind spot. Here the orbital nerve extends to the other side of the retina and goes through all the other membranes into the brain.
How do seers see the world? A ray of light, reflected from objects that the eye is directed to, passes through the cornea, chamber fluid and the pupil. It is refracted using a lens, which has the shape of a biconvex lens, passes through the vitreous body and finally reaches the retina. As a result, the resulting image reaches in a reduced and inverted form to the receptors, with the help of which information will enter the central nervous system.
Kids vision
How do children see the world? Vision in children, especially newborns, is very different from the work of the visual system of an adult. Immediately after birth, vision is almost not associated with consciousness, so babies react poorly to visual stimuli. Vision itself was weak at this time, and a yellow spot had not yet formed. This condition lasts about two weeks. Then the child begins to follow the large bright toy, gradually fixing his eyes on it. By two months, babies can already distinguish the primary colors and watch the toy, which moves up and down and left and right.
How is the baby's vision formed?
At 3-4 months, the baby sees much better. Visual acuity rises. The more bright objects in the field of vision of the baby, the better and faster his visual system will develop. But the child knows the size and volume of objects only when he begins to move in space. In the meantime, he can catch a sun bunny, try to grab a flower on his mother’s dress or reach for a shadow from an object. Moreover, at this time not only the perception of volume is difficult, but also the feeling of distance is erroneous.
In the period from two to six months, the first perception of the color gamut is formed in the baby. First, he begins to distinguish between yellow, orange and red, and blue and green - later. The full formation of color vision ends at the age of five.
At six months, the baby develops grasping reflexes. They are becoming more accurate. At the same time, an idea of the distance and size of the subject begins to form. The kid actively studies the world around him, crawls perfectly and learns to sit. In addition to visual acuity, other visual skills are actively developing during this period.
From the age of eight months, the child begins to search for the toy, if it has disappeared from the field of view, draws attention to its details.
Do not be afraid if the eyes of a newborn baby can look in different directions. This is normal and usually disappears after 1-2 months. A doctor should be consulted only if the baby's strabismus persists after three months.
At home, checking eyesight in children 1-2 years old is simple. Parents watch the baby, its coordinated movements of the hands and eyes. Such children can already see well and pick up small objects. Vision in a child of 3-4 years old can be checked by a doctor using a special table with pictures. At this age, visual acuity ranges from 92%.
How does a cat see?
We figured out how seers see the world, as well as how children perceive the environment. Now let's talk about animals.
But animals see the world a little differently than humans. How much charm a cat has! What an expressive look, according to which sensitive owners can easily guess what she is experiencing at the moment: pleasure, fear, curiosity or anger. And how do cats see our world? Now let's figure it out.
All kittens, like children, are born with blue eyes. But in adult cats you can find a variety of shades - blue, yellow, gray, green. Sometimes a cat has eyes of different colors, for example, one is blue and the other is green. The pupils of the animal are vertical. With an abundance of light, they turn into a narrow strip, and at dusk they can expand to a centimeter. Since the cat's retinal nerve cells are much more sensitive than humans, her eyesight in the dark is better. Because of the reflective layer of the retina, the eyes of animals, and not just cats, glow in the dark if a light source is directed at them. And yet, a fluffy pet cannot, like a person, distinguish between small details of objects or accurately examine things that are very close to her. And all because of the inability to focus vision. She sees best at a distance of 2-6 meters.
The cat has a perfectly developed hunting instinct. She perfectly notices the most minor movements and can accurately estimate the distance for the jump. But if the potential victim freezes in place, the cat may lose sight of it from surprise. And in order to find the object again, she would have to slightly change her angle of view, fidgeting or lifting herself slightly.
Recently, scientists have agreed that a cat distinguishes some colors, and do not see the world in black and white, as previously thought. These are blue, green and gray tones. But the shades of red are not available to her.
Interesting organ
In addition to the eyes, the cat can "see" with a mustache - vibrissae, which are located on the upper lip, above the eyes, chin and elbows. They help her out a lot when the circle is too dark or the cat has poor eyesight. If the animal does not have a mustache, it moves uncertainly, and the pupils are maximally dilated. But in most cases, vibrissae grow quickly. Some cat owners may notice that their pet is moving, often shaking its head from side to side. This can be a signal of poor vision in the animal, and it uses a mustache, like a blind man with a cane.
The expressiveness of the eyes and graceful movements often make the cat an object for photo shoots and video shoots, not only amateur but also professional.
Conclusion
Now you know how a person sees the world, we also examined in detail how the eyesight of cats works. We hope that this information will be helpful. You can now yourself explain to everyone who asks you how seers see the world.