Vaccinations for children under one year of age: routine vaccination calendar and recommendations

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent serious infectious diseases. There is an opinion that vaccination is a rather risky event, because it can give a lot of complications. But they are negligible compared to the consequences of these diseases. What vaccinations do children get? First of all, parents need to familiarize themselves with the contraindications for vaccination. And with a vaccination schedule for children under one year old.

Contraindications for vaccination

The list of contraindications for vaccination is rather big, because how many vaccinations a child needs to be given at such a young age. Before vaccination, parents should take the baby for examination by a doctor in order to obtain permission for further procedures. Vaccination may be refused if present:

• prematurity;
• very low birth weight;
• acute and chronic diseases, namely intrauterine infection, purulent diseases, problems with the central nervous system, cancers, tuberculosis;
• cramps
• complications after the previous vaccine;
• intestinal diseases;
• hypersensitivity to individual components;
• blood diseases.

Hepatitis B

Vaccination has become necessary in connection with the exacerbation of the situation for this disease among children and adults. To protect the child from the danger of contracting hepatitis, doctors recommend vaccination. During vaccination, 88-93% of children develop stable immunity to this disease, but this requires a course of immunization. This reduces the risk of infection from mothers and also prevents high mortality among children. Immunization of the child begins in the hospital. The first vaccine is given in the first twenty-four hours of the life of the newborn. Then according to the schedule of vaccinations for children:

• the first month after the birth of the baby;
• for the second month;
• already twelve months after immunization of the child.

The only contraindication to vaccination is an individual intolerance to the drug. Sometimes a vaccine has an allergic reaction. However, an acute complication of such intolerance gives in one case to six hundred thousand children.

Measles

As a rule, a healthy child can only be vaccinated. After measuring the body temperature and interrogating the baby, the doctor gives permission for vaccination. During vaccination, a child is injected with a drug that develops immunity to measles.

To date, there are a number of programs for vaccinating babies, as well as a schedule for vaccinating children under one year old, approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All young parents should be familiar with it. A measles vaccine is given to children at 12 months of age according to the vaccination calendar.

Factors after vaccination:

1. After three days, the baby may have a fever.
2. Lethargy and lethargy can also haunt the child.
3. The child may be irritable.
4. A rash may appear, but this case is 1 out of 10.

What should not be done within 6-7 days after vaccination:

1. It is worth restricting trips to the bathhouse.
2. Do not drive to kindergarten and avoid a large number of crowds.

Rubella

Rubella is a childhood viral disease. The main symptom is a rash on the skin of red color, an increase in temperature. After a disease, immunity most often persists for life.

Vaccination against this virus is given to children from the age of one year. It is not recommended to do it before, because the vaccine contains live rubella bacteria, which will adversely affect the still weak immunity of the baby. Up to a year, children rarely have rubella. they remain immune from the mother. Most often this happens if the mother became infected with the virus during pregnancy.

In medicine, there is a schedule for vaccination against the disease:

1. In 1 year they are vaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella.
2. After that - at 6 years old.
3. The last vaccination is given to a child aged 15-16.

Although in the event of an epidemic, the first vaccination against the disease can be carried out at 6 months, you should still adhere to the established schedule.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria disease is considered dangerous and poses a great threat to humanity. Therefore, every parent should be vaccinated with DTP, and pediatricians insist on this procedure.

Why is diphtheria dangerous? This disease is considered contagious. When infected, the patient becomes inflamed with mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and even genitals. Complications after the disease entail damage to the nervous system until death. Diphtheria bacillus quickly spreads throughout the body and produces toxins in the blood. With weak immunity, and especially in the first year of a baby's life, irreversible consequences are possible. The transmission path of this stick is airborne, so it is very easy for her to get infected. Even a child’s usual visit to the clinic can lead to infection. Therefore, it is important not to refuse vaccination and to vaccinate your children according to the vaccination schedule. As a complication, the child may have a temperature after vaccination, but it will pass in a day.

Whooping cough

The disease involves an infectious disease provoked by pertussis bacillus. The infection process occurs by airborne droplets, resulting in a strong cough. In such a situation, prolonged treatment may not help, but vaccination against pertussis can protect the child from infection. However, due to immunity, vaccination may not completely protect the child, but will help to transfer the disease in a simpler form. DTP vaccine (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-columnar) is usually administered intramuscularly in the thigh. Vaccination must be carried out in three stages:

1. In three months.
2. In four and a half months.
3. At six months.

The interval between vaccinations must be at least 30 days. Revaccination should be carried out 12 months after three vaccinations, at approximately 18 months. After vaccination against pertussis, in some cases there is every chance of many complications, such as allergic reactions, convulsions, shock. Parents of the child have the right not to vaccinate, but before refusing it, it is necessary to understand how much the disease threatens the health of the child. For more information about whether or not to take a vaccine against pertussis, consult your doctor.

Polio

At birth, the baby receives a certain level of antibodies contained in the mother’s milk. But it is worth noting that their number does not protect it completely from different types of complex infections. This confirms the need for planned preventive revaccination in order to develop a stable immunity to virus pathogens. So, children under one year of age are vaccinated against polio.

Poliomyelitis is an infectious childhood disease that affects the gray matter found in the spinal cord. The method of transmission of the virus is airborne.

The first symptoms of the development of the disease:

• intoxication with viruses;
• migraine;
• subfebrile temperature increase;
• pain in the cervical, dorsal region;
• prostration;
• muscle spasms.

One of the main preventive measures is the injection and introduction into the body of a living attenuated pathogen. The first vaccination is carried out at the age of two months from birth by the oral method, then the next two with an interval of two months (4 and 6). In this case, prior to the manipulation, a comprehensive examination by the pediatrician of the child is mandatory, the body temperature is measured, the oral cavity and throat are examined. And only after that the procedure is carried out.

Tuberculosis

Vaccination of newborns against tuberculosis is considered mandatory. Nowadays, tuberculosis is a problem in medicine. Many people do not take medicine and infect others. This disease is considered quite dangerous, and it is simply necessary to get vaccinated in childhood. When refusing a vaccine, doctors warn of serious consequences and insist on it. The vaccine does not protect 100 percent from this disease. If a person has been in contact with a patient with open tuberculosis, perhaps the immune system will cope with this stick. This applies only to vaccinated people who, according to the vaccination schedule, have been vaccinated. It is important to listen to the recommendations of pediatricians and get vaccinated on time to avoid serious illnesses. Children of the first year of life quite easily tolerate this procedure.

Mumps

Mumps (mumps) is a viral disease with a primary lesion of the glandular tissue of the salivary glands, pancreas, testes and ovaries, which can lead to serious complications. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of the disease with the help of vaccination.

According to the vaccination calendar, the first scheduled vaccination against this disease is carried out at 12 months, then the child is revaccinated at 6 years. After a double administration of the mumps vaccine, lifelong immunity is formed in almost 100% of children.

To immunize children use:

1. Live mono vaccines containing attenuated mumps virus.
2. Complex multivalent vaccines that contribute to the development of immunity from two - the mumps-measles vaccine, or three infections - against mumps, measles, and rubella.

There is also emergency vaccination in case of contact of the child with a sick person or in case of an outbreak of the disease.

Vaccines are divided into two groups:

1. Unary: from mumps (Russia); French vaccine Imovax Oreion.
2. Joint: mumps-measles (Russia); triple - measles, rubella, mumps (UK, Holland, USA, France).

These drugs contain a lively but attenuated mumps virus.

How is vaccination given? Until the age of one year, children are not vaccinated. They are not susceptible to infection, because they received antibodies from the mother. Vaccination is done in the shoulder area or under the scapula under the skin, as well as intramuscularly. The effectiveness of the vaccine is almost 100%.

Important! If the child is allergic, then vaccination is contraindicated! It includes chicken protein of origin.

Tetanus

Vaccination is considered the most reliable way to protect against an infectious disease. After all, it can lead to unpleasant consequences. There are planned and emergency vaccinations. The first thing they do is plan according to the vaccination calendar. And then to those children who were injured or seriously damaged their skin.

The disease begins with severe muscle contraction. And hard to swallow. Today, tetanus bacillus is very common. Mostly in the feces of animals. Parents, before abandoning such a vaccine, need to think about the health of the child and possible complications. After all, with infection, the entire central nervous system is damaged. In this regard, a vaccine is given immediately for diphtheria and pertussis. It is called DTP. The first time it is done in three months. The second - at four to five. And the third - at six. Revaccination is carried out in a year and a half. A child after DTP vaccination does not have any complications, so you should not refuse it.

Hemophilic infection

A hemophilic infection is an acute infectious disease, the causative agent is a hemophilic bacillus. It occurs, as a rule, in children under the age of 1 year.

It is characterized by central nervous system damage, purulent cellulitis, acute respiratory infections, hemophilic meningitis, otitis media, cardiac function complications, arthritis, lung diseases, etc. In accordance with the vaccination schedule of the Russian Federation, vaccination should be carried out at the age of 3, 4, 5 and 6 months. Revaccination - at 1.5 years. Vaccinations are given on the same day as DTP vaccinations, which are given to children three times.

Three vaccines for this type of disease are registered in the Russian Federation:

• "Act-HIB";
• Hiberix
• Pentaxim.

Contraindications:

• allergy to tetanus toxoid ;
• any acute or chronic diseases;
• cramps
• encephalopathy.

Adverse Reactions:

• temperature in the child after vaccination;
• local edema in the injection zone.

Vaccination schedule

Complications

Children, leaving the womb, are faced with a large number of microorganisms, infections, diseases, viruses. Vaccines exist in order to protect and provide further protection of a small organism from various types of diseases and strengthen immunity, but sometimes it happens that the baby's body rejects it when receiving a vaccine, and complications appear, such as:

1. Increase in local and general temperature from vaccination in children.
2. Anxiety, nervousness of the child.
3. Insomnia.
4. Hyperemia (redness).
5. Abscess (purulent inflammation).
6. An allergic reaction in the form of rashes, redness.
7. Polio (damage to the central nervous system).
8. Refusal of food.
9. Cramps.
10. Quincke's edema (skin edema).
11. Renal failure.
12. Complications after improper administration.
13. Post-vaccine encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).

Since these complications are rare, you should not worry about the fact that they will manifest in a child. But at the first suspicion, it is advised to consult a pediatrician. This is the main list of vaccinations for children under the age of one year. At the request of parents, vaccinations against influenza and epidemic diseases are carried out.